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| ==Renal cell carcinoma staging== | | ==Renal cell carcinoma staging== |
| Tumour stage - notes:
| | {{Main|Kidney cancer staging}} |
| *Most cases are pT1a or pT3a.
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| **pT2 is very rare and pT1b is uncommon for [[CCRCC]].<ref name=pmid16145369>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bonsib | first1 = SM. | title = T2 clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a rare entity: a study of 120 clear cell renal cell carcinomas. | journal = J Urol | volume = 174 | issue = 4 Pt 1 | pages = 1199-202; discussion 1202 | month = Oct | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 16145369 }}</ref>
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| Lymph node stage - notes:
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| *Previously divided into N1 (one lymph node positive) and N2 (multiple lymph nodes positive).
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| **Now only ''N1'' - was changed in 2009.<ref name=pmid21927698>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = C. | last2 = You | first2 = D. | last3 = Park | first3 = J. | last4 = Jeong | first4 = IG. | last5 = Song | first5 = C. | last6 = Hong | first6 = JH. | last7 = Ahn | first7 = H. | last8 = Kim | first8 = CS. | title = Validation of the 2009 TNM Classification for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Comparison with the 2002 TNM Classification by Concordance Index. | journal = Korean J Urol | volume = 52 | issue = 8 | pages = 524-30 | month = Aug | year = 2011 | doi = 10.4111/kju.2011.52.8.524 | PMID = 21927698 }}</ref>
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| ***There is data to suggest N1 and N2 behave differently;<ref name=pmid16469567>{{Cite journal | last1 = Canfield | first1 = SE. | last2 = Kamat | first2 = AM. | last3 = Sánchez-Ortiz | first3 = RF. | last4 = Detry | first4 = M. | last5 = Swanson | first5 = DA. | last6 = Wood | first6 = CG. | title = Renal cell carcinoma with nodal metastases in the absence of distant metastatic disease (clinical stage TxN1-2M0): the impact of aggressive surgical resection on patient outcome. | journal = J Urol | volume = 175 | issue = 3 Pt 1 | pages = 864-9 | month = Mar | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00334-4 | PMID = 16469567 }}</ref> however, it is disputed.<ref name=pmid17070225>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dimashkieh | first1 = HH. | last2 = Lohse | first2 = CM. | last3 = Blute | first3 = ML. | last4 = Kwon | first4 = ED. | last5 = Leibovich | first5 = BC. | last6 = Cheville | first6 = JC. | title = Extranodal extension in regional lymph nodes is associated with outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma. | journal = J Urol | volume = 176 | issue = 5 | pages = 1978-82; discussion 1982-3 | month = Nov | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.026 | PMID = 17070225 }}</ref><ref name=pmid19955666>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lam | first1 = JS. | last2 = Klatte | first2 = T. | last3 = Breda | first3 = A. | title = Staging of renal cell carcinoma: Current concepts. | journal = Indian J Urol | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 446-54 | month = | year = | doi = 10.4103/0970-1591.57906 | PMID = 19955666 }}</ref>
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| ===Renal sinus invasion=== | | ===Renal sinus invasion=== |
| Renal sinus invasion is when any of the following are present:<ref name=pmid24025521>{{Cite journal | last1 = Trpkov | first1 = K. | last2 = Grignon | first2 = DJ. | last3 = Bonsib | first3 = SM. | last4 = Amin | first4 = MB. | last5 = Billis | first5 = A. | last6 = Lopez-Beltran | first6 = A. | last7 = Samaratunga | first7 = H. | last8 = Tamboli | first8 = P. | last9 = Delahunt | first9 = B. | title = Handling and staging of renal cell carcinoma: the International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus (ISUP) conference recommendations. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 37 | issue = 10 | pages = 1505-17 | month = Oct | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31829a85d0 | PMID = 24025521 }}</ref>
| | {{Main|Kidney cancer staging}} |
| #Tumour in an endothelial lined space of the renal sinus.
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| #Tumour touching renal sinus fat.
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| #Tumour within the loose connective tissue of the renal sinus.
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| ==Clear cell renal cell carcinoma== | | ==Clear cell renal cell carcinoma== |