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Difference between revisions of "Thyroid gland"
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==Graves disease== | ==Graves disease== | ||
===General=== | |||
*Often misspelled "Grave's disease". | *Often misspelled "Grave's disease". | ||
* | *Autoimmune disease leading to hyperthyroidism. | ||
* | *Eye problems not resolved with thyroid removal. (???) | ||
*Higher risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma. | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
Features:<ref>{{Ref EP|30}}</ref> | Features:<ref>{{Ref EP|30}}</ref> | ||
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===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Papillae (may mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma in this respect). | *Classic: | ||
**Hypercellular | |||
**Patchy lymphocytes. | |||
**Little colloid. | |||
*Scalloping of colloid; colloid has undulating border. | |||
**Non-specific finding. | |||
*+/-Nuclear clearing. | |||
*+/-Papillae (may mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma in this respect). | |||
Notes: | |||
*Usually has an unimpressive appearance... as it is treated, i.e. history is important. | |||
*Nuclear clearing and papillae are usu. diffuse in Graves disease - unlike in papillary thyroid carcinoma. | |||
==Granulomatous thyoiditis== | ==Granulomatous thyoiditis== | ||
===General=== | |||
*[[AKA]] ''de Quervain disease'', AKA subacute thyroiditis.<ref>SR. 17 January 2011.</ref> | |||
*Women > men. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_559>{{Ref Sternberg4|559}}</ref> | Features:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_559>{{Ref Sternberg4|559}}</ref> | ||
* | *[[Granulomas]]. | ||
==Ridel thyroiditis== | ==Ridel thyroiditis== | ||
===General=== | |||
*Disease of the neck. | |||
*Thought to be related to ''[[retroperitoneal fibrosis]]''. | |||
*Usually hypothyroid. | |||
*+/-Obstructive symptoms. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Fibrosis. | *Fibrosis. | ||
*Specimen often fragmented as it was difficult to remove. | *Specimen often fragmented as it was difficult to remove. | ||
* | |||
DDx: | |||
*Anaplastic carcinoma - spindle cell variant. | |||
==Hashimoto's thyroiditis== | ==Hashimoto's thyroiditis== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Autoimmune disease leading to hypothyroidism. | |||
* | **Often genetic/part of a syndrome. | ||
Associations:<ref name=pmid7813361 >{{cite journal |author=Poropatich C, Marcus D, Oertel YC |title=Hashimoto's thyroiditis: fine-needle aspirations of 50 asymptomatic cases |journal=Diagn. Cytopathol. |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=141–5 |year=1994 |pmid=7813361 |doi= |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112701408/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0}}</ref> | Associations:<ref name=pmid7813361 >{{cite journal |author=Poropatich C, Marcus D, Oertel YC |title=Hashimoto's thyroiditis: fine-needle aspirations of 50 asymptomatic cases |journal=Diagn. Cytopathol. |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=141–5 |year=1994 |pmid=7813361 |doi= |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112701408/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0}}</ref> | ||
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*Antithyroglobulin +ve. | *Antithyroglobulin +ve. | ||
*Increased risk of B-cell lymphoma. | *Increased risk of B-cell lymphoma. | ||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Lymphocytic infiltrate. | |||
*Nuclear clearing common. | |||
**May confuse with papillary carcinoma. | |||
*Polymorphous lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with germinal centres.<ref name=Ref_APBR672>{{Ref APBR|672}}</ref> | |||
*+/-Oncocytic metaplasia. | |||
Notes: | |||
*Histologically often not possible to separate from "nonspecific" thyroiditis.<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_560>{{Ref Sternberg4|560}}</ref> | *Histologically often not possible to separate from "nonspecific" thyroiditis.<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_560>{{Ref Sternberg4|560}}</ref> | ||
=Malignant neoplasm= | =Malignant neoplasm= | ||