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Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (view source)
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'''Placental mesenchymal dysplasia''', abbreviated '''PMD''', is a very rare pathology of the [[placenta]]. | |||
==General== | |||
*Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.<ref name=pmid16753607>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pham | first1 = T. | last2 = Steele | first2 = J. | last3 = Stayboldt | first3 = C. | last4 = Chan | first4 = L. | last5 = Benirschke | first5 = K. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 67-78 | month = Jul | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP | PMID = 16753607 }}</ref> | |||
*Etiology unknown. | |||
Associations:<ref name=pmid16753607/> | |||
*[[IUGR]] ~ 50% of cases. | |||
*Fetal demise ~ 40-45% of cases. | |||
*[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]. | |||
==Gross== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid23266781>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rohilla | first1 = M. | last2 = Siwatch | first2 = S. | last3 = Jain | first3 = V. | last4 = Nijhawan | first4 = R. | title = Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia. | journal = BMJ Case Rep | volume = 2012 | issue = | pages = | month = | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007777 | PMID = 23266781 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Placentomegaly]]. | |||
*Grape-like vesicles. | |||
DDx - gross: | |||
*[[Partial hydatidiform mole]]. | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F3/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid21513565>{{Cite journal | last1 = Umazume | first1 = T. | last2 = Kataoka | first2 = S. | last3 = Kamamuta | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanuma | first4 = F. | last5 = Sumie | first5 = A. | last6 = Shirogane | first6 = T. | last7 = Kudou | first7 = T. | last8 = Ikeda | first8 = H. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels. | journal = Diagn Pathol | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 38 | month = | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1186/1746-1596-6-38 | PMID = 21513565 }}</ref> | |||
*Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels. | |||
*Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi. | |||
Note: | |||
*Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.<ref name=pmid9260835>{{Cite journal | last1 = Demir | first1 = R. | last2 = Kosanke | first2 = G. | last3 = Kohnen | first3 = G. | last4 = Kertschanska | first4 = S. | last5 = Kaufmann | first5 = P. | title = Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects. | journal = Microsc Res Tech | volume = 38 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 29-41 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P | PMID = 9260835 }}</ref> | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F5/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Placenta]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Placenta]] | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||