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Difference between revisions of "Chiari malformation"
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*Usually a radiologic diagnosis. | *Usually a radiologic diagnosis. | ||
*May be seen in a [[fetal autopsy]]. | *May be seen in a [[fetal autopsy]]. | ||
Clinical:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ferré Masó | first1 = A. | last2 = Poca | first2 = MA. | last3 = de la Calzada | first3 = MD. | last4 = Solana | first4 = E. | last5 = Romero Tomás | first5 = O. | last6 = Sahuquillo | first6 = J. | title = Sleep disturbance: a forgotten syndrome in patients with Chiari I malformation. | journal = Neurologia | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Mar | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.01.008 | PMID = 21420201 }}</ref> | |||
*Headaches, occipital. | |||
*Dizziness. | |||
*Nocturnal respiratory abnormalities. | |||
===Classification=== | ===Classification=== | ||
Numbered from least severe to most severe: | Numbered from least severe to most severe: | ||
*Chiari type I - tonsils herniated<ref>URL: [http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?diseaseID=9230 http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?diseaseID=9230]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref> (radiologic definition: 4-6 mm below the plane of the foramen magnum). | *Chiari type I - tonsils herniated<ref>URL: [http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?diseaseID=9230 http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?diseaseID=9230]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref> (radiologic definition: 4-6 mm below the plane of the foramen magnum). | ||
**Associated with: sudden death, sleep apnea, cerebellar ataxia. | **Associated with: sudden death,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zhang | first1 = J. | last2 = Shao | first2 = Y. | last3 = Qin | first3 = Z. | last4 = Liu | first4 = N. | last5 = Zou | first5 = D. | last6 = Huang | first6 = P. | last7 = Chen | first7 = Y. | title = Sudden Unexpected Death due to Chiari Type I Malformation in a Road Accident Case. | journal = J Forensic Sci | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/1556-4029.12051 | PMID = 23278920 }}</ref> sleep apnea, cerebellar ataxia. | ||
*Chiari type II - often assoc. with hydrocephaly at birth. | *Chiari type II - often assoc. with hydrocephaly at birth. | ||
*Chiari type III - cerebellum + brain stem herniate through foramen magnum +/- encephalocele.<ref>URL: [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref> | *Chiari type III - cerebellum + brain stem herniate through foramen magnum +/- encephalocele.<ref>URL: [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref> | ||