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Difference between revisions of "Hemorrhoid"
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'''Hemorrhoid''' is a benign pathology of the rectal venous plexus, that may mimic more serious pathology, i.e. [[cancer]]. | |||
==General== | |||
*Benign. | |||
Clinical features:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cazemier | first1 = M. | last2 = Felt-Bersma | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Cuesta | first3 = MA. | last4 = Mulder | first4 = CJ. | title = Elastic band ligation of hemorrhoids: flexible gastroscope or rigid proctoscope? | journal = World J Gastroenterol | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = 585-7 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = | PMID = 17278225 }}</ref> | |||
*Bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR). | |||
*Pain. | |||
*Itching. | |||
*Prolapse. | |||
==Gross== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_GLP401>{{Ref GLP|401}}</ref> | |||
*Grey mucosa. | |||
*Pale or purple stroma. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_GLP401>{{Ref GLP|401}}</ref> | |||
*Polypoid lesion - epithelium on three sides: | |||
**Large dilated veins and thick-walled vessels +/- fibrin thrombi - '''key feature'''. | |||
**Edema. | |||
**Squamous epithelium +/- keratinization ''or'' columnar epithelium. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Fibroepithelial polyp]]. | |||
*Vascular lesions. | |||
**[[Kaposi sarcoma]]. | |||
**[[Angiosarcoma]]. | |||
**[[Arteriovenous malformation]] - has large arteries. | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.profimedia.si/picture/longitudinal-section-of-human-rectum-hemorrhoid-tissue/0039860546/ Hemorrhoids (profimedia.si)]. | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
ANAL LESION, REMOVAL: | |||
- HEMORRHOID. | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
HEMORRHOIDS, EXCISION: | |||
- HEMORRHOIDS. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Micro=== | |||
The sections show rectal and anal mucosa, and a submucosa with prominent blood vessels in a fibrotic stroma. The rectal mucosa has focal reactive nuclear changes and evidence of prior erosions. The anal mucosa is unremarkable. | |||
====Anal mucosa only==== | |||
The sections show anal mucosa, and submucosa with prominent blood vessels in a | |||
fibrotic stroma. The anal mucosa is unremarkable. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Anus]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Anus]] | |||
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]] | |||