Difference between revisions of "Stains"

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Stains (view source)

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**Fibrosis is easier to see on HPS than H&E... as one can see the collagen.
**Fibrosis is easier to see on HPS than H&E... as one can see the collagen.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perineural_invasion_prostate_high_mag.jpg Perineural invasion - prostate - HPS stain (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meningioma_high_mag.jpg Meningioma - HPS stain (WC)].
Image:Perineural_invasion_prostate_high_mag.jpg | Perineural invasion - prostate - HPS stain (WC)
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Endoneurial_fibrosis_-_very_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg Endoneurial fibrosis - HPS stain (WC)].
Image:Meningioma_high_mag.jpg | Meningioma - HPS stain (WC)
 
Image:Endoneurial_fibrosis_-_very_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg | Endoneurial fibrosis - HPS stain (WC)
</gallery>
==Periodic acid Schiff stain==
==Periodic acid Schiff stain==
*Abbreviated ''PAS''.
*Abbreviated ''PAS''.
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*Magenta = glycogen, mucin, fungi.
*Magenta = glycogen, mucin, fungi.
*Blue = nuclei.
*Blue = nuclei.
Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Metanephric_adenoma_high_mag.jpg Metanephric adenoma - PAS (WC)].


Ref.:<ref>[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/PAS.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/PAS.PDF]</ref>
Ref.:<ref>[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/PAS.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/PAS.PDF]</ref>
 
====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Metanephric_adenoma_high_mag.jpg | Metanephric adenoma - PAS (WC)
</gallery>
==Periodic acid Schiff with diastase==
==Periodic acid Schiff with diastase==
*Abbreviated: ''PAS-D'' and ''PASD''.
*Abbreviated: ''PAS-D'' and ''PASD''.
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***Histoplasma = black, round balls.
***Histoplasma = black, round balls.


Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histoplasma_in_granuloma_gms.jpg GMS showing histoplasma (WC)].
====Image====
 
<gallery>
Image:Histoplasma_in_granuloma_gms.jpg | GMS showing histoplasma (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Acid-fast bacilli stains==
==Acid-fast bacilli stains==
*Abbreviated: ''AFB''.
*Abbreviated: ''AFB''.
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**Stains ''Nocardia''.<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG024.html http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG024.html]. Accessed on: 19 May 2011.</ref>
**Stains ''Nocardia''.<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG024.html http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG024.html]. Accessed on: 19 May 2011.</ref>


Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_02.jpg ZN stain (WC/CDC)].
====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_02.jpg | ZN stain. (WC/CDC)
</gallery>
===Fite stain===
===Fite stain===
Interpretation:
Interpretation:
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*Fluorescent stain.
*Fluorescent stain.


Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cryptosporidium_parvum_auramine-rhodamine_labeled.jpg AR stain (WC/CDC)].
====Image====
 
<gallery>
Image:Cryptosporidium_parvum_auramine-rhodamine_labeled.jpg | AR stain. (WC/CDC)
</gallery>
===Kinyoun stain===
===Kinyoun stain===
*Another AFB stain<ref name=pmid7536216>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kehl | first1 = KS. | last2 = Cicirello | first2 = H. | last3 = Havens | first3 = PL. | title = Comparison of four different methods for detection of Cryptosporidium species. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 416-8 | month = Feb | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7536216 }}</ref> - useful for [[cryptosporidiosis]] and [[microsporidiosis]].<ref name=pmid9003613>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ignatius | first1 = R. | last2 = Lehmann | first2 = M. | last3 = Miksits | first3 = K. | last4 = Regnath | first4 = T. | last5 = Arvand | first5 = M. | last6 = Engelmann | first6 = E. | last7 = Futh | first7 = U. | last8 = Hahn | first8 = H. | last9 = Wagner | first9 = J. | title = A new acid-fast trichrome stain for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and microsporidial species in stool specimens. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 446-9 | month = Feb | year = 1997 | doi =  | PMID = 9003613 }}
*Another AFB stain<ref name=pmid7536216>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kehl | first1 = KS. | last2 = Cicirello | first2 = H. | last3 = Havens | first3 = PL. | title = Comparison of four different methods for detection of Cryptosporidium species. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 416-8 | month = Feb | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7536216 }}</ref> - useful for [[cryptosporidiosis]] and [[microsporidiosis]].<ref name=pmid9003613>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ignatius | first1 = R. | last2 = Lehmann | first2 = M. | last3 = Miksits | first3 = K. | last4 = Regnath | first4 = T. | last5 = Arvand | first5 = M. | last6 = Engelmann | first6 = E. | last7 = Futh | first7 = U. | last8 = Hahn | first8 = H. | last9 = Wagner | first9 = J. | title = A new acid-fast trichrome stain for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and microsporidial species in stool specimens. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 446-9 | month = Feb | year = 1997 | doi =  | PMID = 9003613 }}
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Ref.:<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/CONGORED.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/CONGORED.PDF]. Accessed on: 4 December 2010.</ref>
Ref.:<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/CONGORED.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/CONGORED.PDF]. Accessed on: 4 December 2010.</ref>


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy_-_very_high_mag.jpg Congo red stain - cerebral amyloid angiopathy (WC)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Congo red staining in [[cerebral amyloid angiopathy]]. (WC)
</gallery>
==Thioflavin T stain==
==Thioflavin T stain==
===Use===
===Use===
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*Memory device: '''p'''urple = '''p'''ositive.
*Memory device: '''p'''urple = '''p'''ositive.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gram_stain_01.jpg Gram positive cocci (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gram_Stain_Anthrax.jpg Gram positive rods - anthrax (WC)].
Image:Gram_stain_01.jpg | Gram positive cocci. (WC)
 
Image:Gram_Stain_Anthrax.jpg | Gram positive rods - anthrax. (WC)
</gallery>
==Luxol fast blue stain==
==Luxol fast blue stain==
*Abbreviated ''LFB''.
*Abbreviated ''LFB''.
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**Lack of blue (where it ought to be) = demyelination.
**Lack of blue (where it ought to be) = demyelination.
*Purple = nerve cell (e.g. neuron).
*Purple = nerve cell (e.g. neuron).
*Neutrophils = pink.
*[[Neutrophil]]s = pink.
 
Image: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Globus_pallidus_and_putamen_-_very_low_mag.jpg Globus pallidus and putamen - H&E-LFB (WC)].


Ref.:<ref>[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/LFB.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/LFB.PDF]</ref>
Ref.:<ref>[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/LFB.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/LFB.PDF]</ref>


====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Globus_pallidus_and_putamen_-_very_low_mag.jpg | Globus pallidus and putamen - H&E-LFB. (WC)
</gallery>
==Giemsa stain==
==Giemsa stain==
===Use===
===Use===
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*Background - yellow.
*Background - yellow.


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pylorigastritis.jpg Helicobacter gastritis - Warthin-Starry stain (WC)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Pylorigastritis.jpg | Helicobacter gastritis - Warthin-Starry stain. (WC)
</gallery>
Notes:
Notes:
*Considered a "dirty" stain - picks-up junk in the background.<ref>DB. 4 August 2010.</ref>
*Considered a "dirty" stain - picks-up junk in the background.<ref>DB. 4 August 2010.</ref>
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*Background - yellow.
*Background - yellow.


Images: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Treponema_pallidum_-_very_high_mag_-_extreme_crop.jpg Dieterle stain - T. pallidum (WC)], [http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpg Treponema (med.sc.edu)], [http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/spiro-neisseria.htm Spirochetes - several images (med.sc.edu)].
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Treponema_pallidum_-_very_high_mag_-_extreme_crop.jpg | Dieterle stain - T. pallidum. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpg Treponema (med.sc.edu)].
*[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/spiro-neisseria.htm Spirochetes - several images (med.sc.edu)].


==Bielschowsky stain==
==Bielschowsky stain==
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*Brown/dark brown = plaque, vascular amyloid.
*Brown/dark brown = plaque, vascular amyloid.
*Yellow/brown = other.
*Yellow/brown = other.
Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebellum_-_biel_-_very_high_mag.jpg Bielschowsky stain (WC)].


Ref.: <ref>[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/BIELSCH.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/BIELSCH.PDF]</ref>
Ref.: <ref>[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/BIELSCH.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/BIELSCH.PDF]</ref>
 
====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Cerebellum_-_biel_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Bielschowsky stain. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Mucicarmine stain==
==Mucicarmine stain==
*Stains some mucins... uses the dye ''carmine''.
*Stains some mucins... uses the dye ''carmine''.
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How to remember? A.: Primary colours (red, blue, yellow) + black.
How to remember? A.: Primary colours (red, blue, yellow) + black.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cardiac_amyloidosis_very_high_mag_movat.jpg Cardiac amyloidosis - Movat stain (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cystic_medial_degeneration_-_movat_-_low_mag.jpg Cystic medial degeneration - Movat stain - low mag. (WC)].
Image:Cardiac_amyloidosis_very_high_mag_movat.jpg | Cardiac amyloidosis - Movat stain. (WC/Nephron)
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cystic_medial_degeneration_-_movat_-_intermed_mag.jpg Cystic medial degeneration - Movat stain - intermed. mag. (WC)].
Image:Cystic_medial_degeneration_-_movat_-_low_mag.jpg | Cystic medial degeneration - Movat stain - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Cystic_medial_degeneration_-_movat_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Cystic medial degeneration - Movat stain - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Masson's trichrome stain==
==Masson's trichrome stain==
*Should '''not''' be confused with the ''[[Mallory trichrome stain]]''.
*Should '''not''' be confused with the ''[[Mallory trichrome stain]]''.
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*Green = collagen.
*Green = collagen.


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg Mallory trichrome (WC)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Cirrhosis_high_mag.jpg | [[Cirrhosis]]. Mallory trichrome. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Haematoxylin orcein phyloxin saffron stain==
==Haematoxylin orcein phyloxin saffron stain==
*Abbreviated ''HOPS''.<ref name=pmid1636194>{{cite journal |author=Perry JR, Bilbao JM, Gray T |title=Fatal basilar vasculopathy complicating bacterial meningitis |journal=Stroke |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=1175–8 |year=1992 |pmid=1636194 |doi=}} [http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/8/1175.pdf Free Full Text].</ref>
*Abbreviated ''HOPS''.<ref name=pmid1636194>{{cite journal |author=Perry JR, Bilbao JM, Gray T |title=Fatal basilar vasculopathy complicating bacterial meningitis |journal=Stroke |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=1175–8 |year=1992 |pmid=1636194 |doi=}} [http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/8/1175.pdf Free Full Text].</ref>
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Notes:<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/JONES.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/JONES.PDF]. Accessed on: 19 May 2011.</ref>
Notes:<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/JONES.PDF http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/JONES.PDF]. Accessed on: 19 May 2011.</ref>


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Membranous_nephropathy_-_mpas_-_very_high_mag.jpg MN demonstrated with a MPAS - very high mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Membranous_nephropathy_-_cropped_-_mpas_-_very_high_mag.jpg MN demonstrated with a MPAS - very high mag. (WC)].
Image:Membranous_nephropathy_-_mpas_-_very_high_mag.jpg | MN demonstrated with a MPAS - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Membranous_nephropathy_-_cropped_-_mpas_-_very_high_mag.jpg | MN demonstrated with a MPAS - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Hale's colloidal iron stain==
==Hale's colloidal iron stain==
===Use===
===Use===
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Refs: looks a bit sketchy<ref>URL: [http://www.molecularstation.com/protocol-links/articles/Toluidine-Blue-Stain-32.html http://www.molecularstation.com/protocol-links/articles/Toluidine-Blue-Stain-32.html]. Accessed on: 17 March 2011.</ref>, <ref>URL: [http://www.dermnetnz.org/doctors/dermatopathology/stains.html http://www.dermnetnz.org/doctors/dermatopathology/stains.html]. Accessed on: 17 March 2011.</ref>
Refs: looks a bit sketchy<ref>URL: [http://www.molecularstation.com/protocol-links/articles/Toluidine-Blue-Stain-32.html http://www.molecularstation.com/protocol-links/articles/Toluidine-Blue-Stain-32.html]. Accessed on: 17 March 2011.</ref>, <ref>URL: [http://www.dermnetnz.org/doctors/dermatopathology/stains.html http://www.dermnetnz.org/doctors/dermatopathology/stains.html]. Accessed on: 17 March 2011.</ref>


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smear_of_Pneumocystis_carinii._Toluidine_blue_stain_PHIL_596_lores.jpg PCP stained with toluidine blue (mediawiki.org)].
<gallery>
Image:Smear_of_Pneumocystis_carinii._Toluidine_blue_stain_PHIL_596_lores.jpg | [[PCP]] stained with toluidine blue. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/5/121/figure/F3?highres=y Mast cells stained with toluidine blue (biomedcentral.com)].
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/5/121/figure/F3?highres=y Mast cells stained with toluidine blue (biomedcentral.com)].


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*Many variants of this stain exist.
*Many variants of this stain exist.
*Specimens are air-dried.
*Specimens are air-dried.


Interpretation:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Horobin RW, Walter KJ |title=Understanding Romanowsky staining. I: The Romanowsky-Giemsa effect in blood smears |journal=Histochemistry |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=331–6 |year=1987 |pmid=2437082 |doi= |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/r81x25451m841866/}}</ref>
Interpretation:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Horobin RW, Walter KJ |title=Understanding Romanowsky staining. I: The Romanowsky-Giemsa effect in blood smears |journal=Histochemistry |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=331–6 |year=1987 |pmid=2437082 |doi= |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/r81x25451m841866/}}</ref>
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*Orange = keratin.
*Orange = keratin.


Image:
===Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urine_citology_urothelial_carcinoma_2.jpg Pap stain - urine cytology (wikimedia.org)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Urine_citology_urothelial_carcinoma_2.jpg | Pap stain - [[urine cytology]] (WC)
</gallery>
==Fontana-Masson stain==  
==Fontana-Masson stain==  
*[[AKA]] ''Masson-Fontana stain'',<ref name=pmid16081962>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gaitanis | first1 = G. | last2 = Chasapi | first2 = V. | last3 = Velegraki | first3 = A. | title = Novel application of the masson-fontana stain for demonstrating Malassezia species melanin-like pigment production in vitro and in clinical specimens. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 43 | issue = 8 | pages = 4147-51 | month = Aug | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4147-4151.2005 | PMID = 16081962 }}</ref> ''Fontana-Masson stain for melanin'', ''melanin stain''.
*[[AKA]] ''Masson-Fontana stain'',<ref name=pmid16081962>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gaitanis | first1 = G. | last2 = Chasapi | first2 = V. | last3 = Velegraki | first3 = A. | title = Novel application of the masson-fontana stain for demonstrating Malassezia species melanin-like pigment production in vitro and in clinical specimens. | journal = J Clin Microbiol | volume = 43 | issue = 8 | pages = 4147-51 | month = Aug | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4147-4151.2005 | PMID = 16081962 }}</ref> ''Fontana-Masson stain for melanin'', ''melanin stain''.
Michael
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