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The '''vas deferens''' are often seen as part of a [[prostate gland|prostatectomy]] specimen.<ref>URL: [http://www.upmccancercenters.com/cancer/prostate/radprostretropubic.html http://www.upmccancercenters.com/cancer/prostate/radprostretropubic.html]. Accessed on: 26 September 2011.</ref> They are the component of the [[spermatic cord]] that carries the sperm. They | The '''vas deferens''' are often seen as part of a [[prostate gland|prostatectomy]] specimen.<ref>URL: [http://www.upmccancercenters.com/cancer/prostate/radprostretropubic.html http://www.upmccancercenters.com/cancer/prostate/radprostretropubic.html]. Accessed on: 26 September 2011.</ref> They are the component of the [[spermatic cord]] that carries the sperm. | ||
They often arrive alone -- removed for family planning ([[vasectomy]]). | |||
==Normal vas deferens== | ==Normal vas deferens== | ||
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*Surface should be inked. | *Surface should be inked. | ||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features:<ref name=pmid19926581> | Features:<ref name=pmid19926581/> | ||
*Tubular structure - three muscle layers. | *Tubular structure - three muscle layers. | ||
**Inner longitudinal (thin). | **Inner longitudinal (thin). | ||
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Note: | Note: | ||
*Muscle layers - like in bowel. | *Muscle layers - like in bowel. | ||
* | *A complete loop of epithelium should be visualized in the plane of section. | ||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
A. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | A. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, | - VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | ||
B. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | B. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, | - VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
A. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | A. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, | - VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | ||
B. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | B. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, | - VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT AND LEFT, VASECTOMY: | VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT AND LEFT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | - VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOPS OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | ||
</pre> | |||
=====Alternate===== | |||
<pre> | |||
VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT AND LEFT, VASECTOMY: | |||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOPS OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT | |||
ON BOTH SLIDE A1-1 AND SLIDE A2-1. | |||
</pre> | |||
=====One container is empty===== | |||
<pre> | |||
A. VAS DEFERENS ("LEFT"), VASECTOMY: | |||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOPS OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT | |||
ON BOTH SLIDE A1-1 AND SLIDE A2-1. | |||
- SEE COMMENT. | |||
B. VAS DEFERENS ("RIGHT"), VASECTOMY: | |||
- NO TISSUE IDENTIFIED, SEE COMMENT. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
Both specimens (left vas deferens and right vas deferens) may have been placed in | |||
container A. See 'gross' section of report. Clinical correlation is essential. | |||
</pre> | |||
====Incomplete loop==== | |||
<pre> | |||
A. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | |||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT PATHOLOGY - INCOMPLETE LOOP OF EPITHELIUM, SEE COMMENT. | |||
B. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | |||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
Clinical correlation is suggested. | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
==== | ====Oblique cut==== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
A. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | A. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- | - VAS DEFERENS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT PATHOLOGY - OBLIQUE SECTION WITH COMPRESSED | ||
LOOP OF EPITHELIUM, SEE COMMENT. | |||
B. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | B. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | ||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, | - VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | ||
COMMENT: | COMMENT: | ||
Clinical correlation is suggested. | Clinical correlation is suggested. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Notes: | |||
*The word ''loop'' is preferred over the words ''cross section'' as: | |||
*#The words ''cross section'' imply the cut is perpendicular to the axis. | |||
*#It is possible that a section with a loop of epithelium is the result of a non-transecting cut that generates an ovoid defect in the wall of the vas deferens. | |||
====No definite epithelium==== | |||
<pre> | |||
A. VAS DEFERENS, LEFT, VASECTOMY: | |||
- VAS DEFERENS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS, LOOP OF EPITHELIUM AND MUSCLE LAYERS PRESENT. | |||
B. VAS DEFERENS, RIGHT, VASECTOMY: | |||
- COMPATIBLE WITH VAS DEFERENS, WITHOUT COMPLETE LOOP OF EPITHELIUM, SEE COMMENT. | |||
COMMENT - PART B: | |||
Definite vas deferens epithelium is not identified; however, the muscle layering seen is | |||
compatible with a vas deferens. Levels were cut (x4). | |||
Clinical correlation is suggested. | |||
</pre> | |||
====No vas deferens identified==== | |||
<pre> | |||
A. CONNECTIVE TISSUE, RIGHT, "VASECTOMY": | |||
- NO VAS DEFERENS IDENTIFIED. | |||
- BENIGN FIBROMUSCULAR TISSUE WITH INTERMEDIATE BLOOD VESSELS. | |||
B. CONNECTIVE TISSUE, LEFT, "VASECTOMY": | |||
- NO VAS DEFERENS IDENTIFIED. | |||
- BENIGN FIBROMUSCULAR TISSUE WITH INTERMEDIATE BLOOD VESSELS. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
Levels were cut (x3). Clinical correlation is suggested. | |||
</pre> | |||
=== | ==Vasitis nodosa== | ||
{{Main|Vasitis nodosa}} | |||
==Bilateral absence of the vas deferens== | ==Bilateral absence of the vas deferens== | ||
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*[[Prostate gland]]. | *[[Prostate gland]]. | ||
*[[Testis]]. | *[[Testis]]. | ||
*[[Male infertility]]. | |||
*[[Epididymis]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== |
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