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The '''eye''' is rarely seen by pathologists. Typically, they go to neuropathologists, as the eye is really part of the brain. The article also covers lesions found around the eye. The lacrimal gland is covered in the ''[[lacrimal gland]]'' article. | [[Image:Gray888.png|thumb|300px|Illustration of the eye. (Gray's Anatomy/WC)]] | ||
[[Image:Optic nerve head and retina -- low mag.jpg|thumb|300px|Micrograph showing the optic nerve head and retina. [[H&E stain]]. (WC)]] | |||
The '''eye''' is rarely seen by pathologists. Typically, they go to neuropathologists, as the eye is really part of the brain. The article also covers many of the lesions found around the eye. The lacrimal gland is covered in the ''[[lacrimal gland]]'' article. Eyelid lesions are covered in the ''[[eyelid]]'' article. | |||
An introduction to neuropathology is in the ''[[neuropathology]]'' article. | An introduction to neuropathology is in the ''[[neuropathology]]'' article. | ||
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*Surrounded by CSF. | *Surrounded by CSF. | ||
*Covered by dura. | *Covered by dura. | ||
====Images==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Optic nerve -- very low mag.jpg | CN II - very low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Optic nerve -- low mag.jpg | CN II - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Optic nerve -- intermed mag.jpg | CN II - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Optic nerve -- high mag.jpg | CN II - high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Inside to outside=== | ===Inside to outside=== | ||
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#Choroid. | #Choroid. | ||
#Sclera. | #Sclera. | ||
====Image==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Optic nerve head and retina -- low mag.jpg| Optic nerve head and retina - low mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Anterior angle=== | ===Anterior angle=== | ||
*Angle between cornea and iris. | *Angle between cornea and iris. | ||
===Canthi=== | |||
The canthi are where the upper and lower eyelids meet: | |||
*Medial canthus. | |||
*Lateral canthus. | |||
Note: | |||
*The most common malignant canthus lesion is [[basal cell carcinoma]].<ref>URL: [https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2372910 https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2372910]. Accessed on: 2022 Nov 17.</ref> | |||
=Histology= | =Histology= | ||
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===Retina=== | ===Retina=== | ||
[[Image:Retina -- very high mag.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Retina. (WC)]] | |||
Simplified structure - eosinophilic material separating: | Simplified structure - eosinophilic material separating: | ||
#Intermediate size, round, pale-staining nuclei (ganglion cells). | #Intermediate size, round, pale-staining nuclei (ganglion cells). | ||
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#Retinal pigment epithelium. | #Retinal pigment epithelium. | ||
Images | ====Images==== | ||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Gray881.png | Retina - schematic. (WC/Gray's) | |||
Image: Optic nerve head and retina -- low mag.jpg | Optic nerve & retina - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Retina -- intermed mag.jpg | Retina - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Retina -- high mag.jpg | Retina - high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.surgical-pathology.com/retina_image.htm Retina - histology (surgical-pathology.com)]. | *[http://www.surgical-pathology.com/retina_image.htm Retina - histology (surgical-pathology.com)]. | ||
*[http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/labs/anatomy_&_physiology/a&p202/special_senses/eye/histology_eye.htm Histology of the eye (clc.uc.edu)]. | *[http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/labs/anatomy_&_physiology/a&p202/special_senses/eye/histology_eye.htm Histology of the eye (clc.uc.edu)]. | ||
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*Conjunctival epithelium - stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells. | *Conjunctival epithelium - stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells. | ||
*Inflammatory cells. | *Inflammatory cells. | ||
==Conjunctival cyst== | |||
{{ Infobox external links | |||
| Name = Conjunctival cyst | |||
| EHVSC = 10173 | |||
| pathprotocols = | |||
| wikipedia = | |||
| pathoutlines = | |||
}} | |||
===General=== | |||
*Rare. | |||
*May be due to surgery, trauma, or congenital (very rare).<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Robb | first1 = RM. | last2 = Elliott | first2 = AT. | last3 = Robson | first3 = CD. | title = Developmental conjunctival cyst of the eyelid in a child. | journal = J AAPOS | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 196-8 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaapos.2012.02.001 | PMID = 22525180 }}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Conjunctival mucosa with atypia. | |||
**Stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Ocular surface squamous neoplasia. | |||
**Cystic [[squamous cell carcinoma]]. | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085152/figure/F0003/ Conjunctival cyst (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21572734>{{Cite journal | last1 = Elshazly | first1 = LH. | title = A clinicopathologic study of excised conjunctival lesions. | journal = Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 48-54 | month = Jan | year = 2011 | doi = 10.4103/0974-9233.75886 | PMID = 21572734 }}</ref> | |||
===Sign out=== | |||
<pre> | |||
CONJUNCTIVA, RIGHT SUPERIOR, BIOPSY: | |||
- BENIGN CONJUNCTIVAL MUCOSA -- COMPATIBLE WITH CYST LINIG. | |||
</pre> | |||
==Pinguecula== | ==Pinguecula== | ||
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==Pterygium== | ==Pterygium== | ||
*[[AKA]] surfer eye. | *[[AKA]] surfer eye. | ||
{{Main|Pterygium}} | |||
==Eccrine hidrocystoma== | ==Eccrine hidrocystoma== | ||
*Occasionally spelled ''eccrine hydrocystoma''.<ref name=pmid10065300/> | *Occasionally spelled ''eccrine hydrocystoma''.<ref name=pmid10065300/> | ||
{{Main|Eccrine hidrocystoma}} | |||
==Chalazion== | ==Chalazion== | ||
{{Main|Chalazion}} | |||
==Retinal hemorrhage== | ==Retinal hemorrhage== | ||
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===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Rare, benign eyelid disorder.<ref name=pmid19298902>{{Cite journal | last1 = Koursh | first1 = DM. | last2 = Modjtahedi | first2 = SP. | last3 = Selva | first3 = D. | last4 = Leibovitch | first4 = I. | title = The blepharochalasis syndrome. | journal = Surv Ophthalmol | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 235-44 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.12.005 | PMID = 19298902 }}</ref> | *Rare, benign eyelid disorder.<ref name=pmid19298902>{{Cite journal | last1 = Koursh | first1 = DM. | last2 = Modjtahedi | first2 = SP. | last3 = Selva | first3 = D. | last4 = Leibovitch | first4 = I. | title = The blepharochalasis syndrome. | journal = Surv Ophthalmol | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 235-44 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.12.005 | PMID = 19298902 }}</ref> | ||
*Upper eyelids +/-lower eyelids (severe cases).<ref name=pmid19298902/> | |||
Clinical: | Clinical: | ||
*Swelling of eyelids - recurrent.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bergin | first1 = DJ. | last2 = McCord | first2 = CD. | last3 = Berger | first3 = T. | last4 = Friedberg | first4 = H. | last5 = Waterhouse | first5 = W. | title = Blepharochalasis. | journal = Br J Ophthalmol | volume = 72 | issue = 11 | pages = 863-7 | month = Nov | year = 1988 | doi = | PMID = 3207663 }}</ref> | *Swelling of eyelids - recurrent.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bergin | first1 = DJ. | last2 = McCord | first2 = CD. | last3 = Berger | first3 = T. | last4 = Friedberg | first4 = H. | last5 = Waterhouse | first5 = W. | title = Blepharochalasis. | journal = Br J Ophthalmol | volume = 72 | issue = 11 | pages = 863-7 | month = Nov | year = 1988 | doi = | PMID = 3207663 }}</ref> | ||
* | *Onset in childhood. | ||
*Leads to ptosis. | *Leads to ptosis. | ||
Clinical DDx:<ref name=pmid19298902/> | |||
*Recurrent angioedema. | |||
*Hereditary angioedema. | |||
*[[Contact dermatitis]]. | |||
*Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. | |||
*Dermatochalasis. | |||
*Floppy-eyelid syndrome. | |||
*Lax eyelid syndrome. | |||
*Cutis laxa. | |||
Note: | |||
*The term may be abused; it may be used when an eyelid tuck is done for other reasons.{{fact}} | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
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DDx: | DDx: | ||
* | *Angioedema.<ref name=pmid19380685>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = G. | last2 = Li | first2 = C. | last3 = Gao | first3 = T. | title = Blepharochalasis: a rare condition misdiagnosed as recurrent angioedema. | journal = Arch Dermatol | volume = 145 | issue = 4 | pages = 498-9 | month = Apr | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1001/archdermatol.2009.19 | PMID = 19380685 }}</ref> | ||
===Stains=== | ===Stains=== | ||
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</pre> | </pre> | ||
= | ====Lower eyelids in an older individual labelled blepharochalasis==== | ||
== | <pre> | ||
A. EYELID, LEFT LOWER, BLEPHAROPLASTY: | |||
- BENIGN SKIN WITH MILD SOLAR ELASTOSIS. | |||
- BENIGN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
B. EYELID, RIGHT LOWER, BLEPHAROPLASTY: | |||
- BENIGN SKIN WITH MILD SOLAR ELASTOSIS. | |||
- BENIGN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
==Papilloma of the caruncle== | |||
{{Main|Eye papilloma}} | |||
=== | ==Corneal ulcer== | ||
{{Main|Corneal ulcer}} | |||
==Keratoconus== | |||
{{Main|Keratoconus}} | |||
==Corneal scar== | |||
* | ===General=== | ||
*Trauma to the cornea. | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
* | *Compact hyaline tissue - darker staining. | ||
*Fibroblasts. | |||
* | |||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
* | *Squamous dysplasia. | ||
===Sign out=== | |||
<pre> | |||
Corneal Button, Right Eye, Keratoplasty: | |||
- Consistent with corneal scar. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia. | |||
</pre> | |||
==Conjunctival nevus== | |||
{{Main|Conjunctival nevus}} | |||
=Tumours of the eye= | |||
*[ | ==Optic glioma== | ||
*[ | ===General=== | ||
*Associated with [[Neurofibromatosis]] type 1. | |||
* Often nerve sheath thickening or tortuosity. | |||
* Approx 3% of all pediatric gliomas. | |||
* Histology in most cases a [[pilocytic astrocytoma]]. | |||
==Retinoblastoma== | |||
{{Main|Retinoblastoma}} | |||
==Malignant melanoma== | ==Malignant melanoma== | ||
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*[[Lacrimal gland]]. | *[[Lacrimal gland]]. | ||
*[[Neuropathology]]. | *[[Neuropathology]]. | ||
*[[Descemet's membrane]]. | |||
=References= | =References= | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Eye]] | ||
[[Category:Neuropathology]] | [[Category:Neuropathology]] |
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