Difference between revisions of "Quality"

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*Grade 1: no consequence.
*Grade 1: no consequence.
*Grade 2: possible consequence.
*Grade 2: possible consequence.
*Grade 3: definitely a consequency.
*Grade 3: definitely a consequence.


==Error reduction==
==Error reduction==
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**Allow correlation with test.
**Allow correlation with test.
***The interpretation may differ if the history says "screening coloscopy" versus "large cecal mass, anemia and weight loss" versus "breast cancer".
***The interpretation may differ if the history says "screening coloscopy" versus "large cecal mass, anemia and weight loss" versus "breast cancer".
*The use of algorithms to guide decisions where applicable.<ref>Kahneman D. ["Als wären wir gespalten": Der Psychologe und Nobelpreisträger Daniel Kahneman über die angeborenen Schwächen des Denkens, trügerische Erinnerungen und die irreführende Macht der Intuition]. Der Spiegel. Nr. 21. 2012. URL: [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2012-21.html http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2012-21.html].</ref>
**Remove subjectivity.
**Increase objectivity, reproducibility.


Other strategies:
==Dealing with diagnostic errors==
*Statistical process control.
*Opinion is split on whether reports should be ''amended'' or ''addended'' - see ''[[sign out]]'' article.


=Measures of quality=
=Measures of quality=
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#Counterstaining.
#Counterstaining.
#Interpretation problem.
#Interpretation problem.
#*Known/expected epitope cross-reactions, e.g. CMV & HSV.<ref name=pmid3029407>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Balachandran | first1 = N. | last2 = Oba | first2 = DE. | last3 = Hutt-Fletcher | first3 = LM. | title = Antigenic cross-reactions among herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. | journal = J Virol | volume = 61 | issue = 4 | pages = 1125-35 | month = Apr | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 3029407 | PMC = 254073 |
#*Known/expected epitope cross-reactions, e.g. [[CMV]] & [[HSV]].<ref name=pmid3029407>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Balachandran | first1 = N. | last2 = Oba | first2 = DE. | last3 = Hutt-Fletcher | first3 = LM. | title = Antigenic cross-reactions among herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. | journal = J Virol | volume = 61 | issue = 4 | pages = 1125-35 | month = Apr | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 3029407 | PMC = 254073 |
URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC254073/?tool=pubmed }}</ref>  
URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC254073/?tool=pubmed }}</ref>  
#*Unknown/unexpected epitope cross-reactions.
#*Unknown/unexpected epitope cross-reactions.
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Note:  
Note:  
*Unfortunately one has to shell-out money to get a peak at 'em.
*Unfortunately one has to shell out money to get a peak at 'em.


==United States of America==
==United States of America==
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==Canada==
==Canada==
===Canadian immunohistochemistry quality control===
*Abbreviated ''CIQC''.
*[https://ciqc.ca/Pages/default.aspx CIQC webpage (ciqc.ca)]
===Ontario===
===Ontario===
*Quality Management Program - Laboratory Services (QMP-LS).
*[[Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare]] - previously ''Quality Management Program - Laboratory Services''.
**Set-up by the ''Ontario Medical Assocation''.
**Set-up by the ''Ontario Medical Assocation''.
Two divisions:
*External quality assessment (EQA) - external laboratory proficiency testing.
*Ontario Laboratory Accreditation (OLA).


==United Kingdom==
==United Kingdom==
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*[[Critical values]].
*[[Critical values]].
*[[CAP checklists]].
*[[CAP checklists]].
*[[Tissue floater]].
*[[Histology artifacts]].
*[[Waffle diagnosis]].
*[[Waffle diagnosis]].
*[[Workload measurement]].
*[[Anatomical pathology laboratory processes]].


=References=
=References=
48,790

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