Urothelial carcinoma in situ
Urothelial carcinoma in situ, also known as high-grade (urothelial) dysplasia, a non-invasive urothelial neoplasm without papillae.
It is also known as carcinoma in situ, abbreviated CIS. Urothelial carcinoma in situ may be abbreviated UCIS.
General
- Lack papillae.
Classification of flat urothelial lesions
The World Health Organization classification is:[1]
- Reactive urothelial atypia.
- Flat urothelial hyperplasia.
- Urothelial atypia of unknown significance.
- Urothelial dysplasia (low-grade dysplasia).
- Urothelial carcinoma in situ (high-grade dysplasia).
- Invasive urothelial carcinoma.
Microscopic
Features:
- Nuclear changes key feature.
- Enlargement of nuclei (often 4-5x the size of stromal lymphocytes) -- diagnostic.[2]
- Normal urothelium approx. 2x the size of stromal lymphocytes.
- Nuclear pleomorphism - marked variation in size of nuclei.
- Enlargement of nuclei (often 4-5x the size of stromal lymphocytes) -- diagnostic.[2]
- +/-Disordered arrangement/crowding of cells.
- In normal urothelium the cell line-up on the basement membrane.
- Umbrella cells often absent.
- +/-Mitoses present.
- +/-Enlarged nucleoli.
Note:
- The urothelium may be "depleted", i.e. exist only of rare large cells on the basement membrane.
- This is known as clinging urothelial carcinoma in situ.[3]
DDx:
- Urothelial atypia of unknown significance - waffle diagnosis.
- Urothelial dysplasia.
- Urothelial carcinoma, invasive.
Images
www:
IHC
Features:[4]
- p53 +ve.
- Ki-67 high.
Benign urothelium vs. CIS:[5]
- CK20 +ve in deep cells (23/26 cases).
- Normal urothelium -- only the umbrella cells.
- Ki-67 ~50% of cells - deep and superficial.
- Normal ~10% of cells, confined to basal aspect.
- CD44 -ve.[6]
- Positive in indeterminant and negative.
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URINARY BLADDER LESION ("TUMOUR"), TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION URINARY BLADDER TUMOUR (TURBT):
- UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA IN SITU.
- BENIGN MUSCULARIS PROPRIA PRESENT.
URINARY BLADDER, RANDOM BIOPSIES: - UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA IN SITU, SEE COMMENT. -- NO EVIDENCE OF LAMINA PROPRIA INVASION. - CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, MILD. - BENIGN MUSCULARIS PROPRIA PRESENT. COMMENT: A CK20 immunostain marks the full thickness of the urothelium in atypical areas. A p53 immunostain moderately marks up to 20% of atypical cells focally. A Ki-67 immunostain marks 20-50% of the cells in the atypical areas.
See also
References
- ↑ Hodges, KB.; Lopez-Beltran, A.; Davidson, DD.; Montironi, R.; Cheng, L. (Feb 2010). "Urothelial dysplasia and other flat lesions of the urinary bladder: clinicopathologic and molecular features.". Hum Pathol 41 (2): 155-62. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.002. PMID 19762067.
- ↑ Zhou, Ming; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina (2006). Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 161. ISBN 978-0443066771.
- ↑ Amin, Mahul B. (2010). Diagnostic Pathology: Genitourinary (1st ed.). Amirsys. pp. 2-55. ISBN 978-1931884280.
- ↑ Lopez-Beltran, A.; Jimenez, RE.; Montironi, R.; Patriarca, C.; Blanca, A.; Menendez, CL.; Algaba, F.; Cheng, L. (Nov 2011). "Flat urothelial carcinoma in situ of the bladder with glandular differentiation.". Hum Pathol 42 (11): 1653-9. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2010.12.024. PMID 21531007.
- ↑ Yin, H.; He, Q.; Li, T.; Leong, AS. (Sep 2006). "Cytokeratin 20 and Ki-67 to distinguish carcinoma in situ from flat non-neoplastic urothelium.". Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 14 (3): 260-5. PMID 16932015.
- ↑ Aron, M.; Luthringer, DJ.; McKenney, JK.; Hansel, DE.; Westfall, DE.; Parakh, R.; Mohanty, SK.; Balzer, B. et al. (Dec 2013). "Utility of a triple antibody cocktail intraurothelial neoplasm-3 (IUN-3-CK20/CD44s/p53) and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) in the distinction of urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) and reactive urothelial atypia.". Am J Surg Pathol 37 (12): 1815-23. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000114. PMID 24225842.