Two vessel umbilical cord
Two vessel umbilical cord, also Two vessel cord and single umbilical artery, is an abnormality seen in placental pathology.
General
Associations:
- Associated with congenital abnormalities, esp. cardiac - key point.[1]
- Thought to be an acquired defect (as prevalence is lower early in gestation).
- May be seen in association of other cord abnormalities (e.g. marginal insertion, velamentous insertion).
- In apparently well (liveborn) infants it is associated with (occult) renal abnormalities, specifically vesico-ureteric reflux; there is no evidence for other abnormalities.[2]
- Associated with maternal diabetes.[3]
Gross
- Two vessels in the umbilical cord.
Microscopic
Features:
- Two vessels in the umbilical cord - one artery and one vein.
Image
Single umbilical artery. (WC/Patho)
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PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, CAESAREAN SECTION: - TWO VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD, NEGATIVE FOR INFLAMMATION. - FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. - PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
With meconium
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, CAESAREAN SECTION: - TWO VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD, NEGATIVE FOR INFLAMMATION. - FETAL MEMBRANES WITH FOCAL PIGMENTED CELLS CONSISTENT WITH MECONIUM, NEGATIVE FOR APPARENT CHORIOAMNIONITIS. - PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
See also
References
- ↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 464. ISBN 978-0781765275.
- ↑ Srinivasan R, Arora RS (January 2005). "Do well infants born with an isolated single umbilical artery need investigation?". Arch. Dis. Child. 90 (1): 100–1. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.062372. PMC 1720078. PMID 15613529. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720078/.
- ↑ Lilja M (July 1994). "Infants with single umbilical artery studied in a national registry. 3: A case control study of risk factors". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 8 (3): 325–33. PMID 7997408.
- ↑ URL: http://www.glowm.com/?p=glowm.cml/section_view&articleid=151. Accessed on: 8 January 2011.