Leydig cell hyperplasia

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Leydig cell hyperplasia is an uncommon benign pathology of the testis.[1] It may be seen in the ovary.

Leydig cell hyperplasia
Diagnosis in short

LM abundant Leydig cells interspersed between seminiferous tubules with only Sertoli cells, Leydig cells do not displace or compress the seminiferous tubules
LM DDx Leydig cell tumour, testicular adrenal rest tumour
Site testis, ovary

Prevalence rare
Radiology hypoechoic lesions on ultrasound, often multiple
Prognosis benign

General

Gross

  • Unremarkable gross appearance

Note:

  • Hypoechoic lesions on ultrasound - often multiple, small.[2]

Microscopic

Features:

  • Abundant Leydig cells interspersed between seminiferous tubules with only Sertoli cells.
  • Do not displace or compress the seminiferous tubules.

Note:

  • May form nodules up to 6 mm.[1]

DDx:

Sign out

Testicle and Cord, Right, Orchitectomy:
- Leydig cell hyperplasia.
- Atrophic testis.
- NEGATIVE for germ cell neoplasia in situ (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
- NEGATIVE for malignancy.

Comment:
Immunostains confirm the morphologic impression.

The Leydig cells are POSITIVE for inhibin, calretinin and melan A. They are 
NEGATIVE for D2-40 and PLAP.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Carucci, LR.; Tirkes, AT.; Pretorius, ES.; Genega, EM.; Weinstein, SP. (Feb 2003). "Testicular Leydig's cell hyperplasia: MR imaging and sonographic findings.". AJR Am J Roentgenol 180 (2): 501-3. doi:10.2214/ajr.180.2.1800501. PMID 12540460.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Sterbis, J.; E-Nunu, T. (2015). "Leydig cell hyperplasia in the setting of Klinefelter syndrome.". BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-209805. PMID 26209412.