Kidney

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The kidney is an important organ in the abdomen that does the following:

  • Water balance & blood pressure regulation,
  • Acid-base balance,
  • Removes toxins/cleans the blood, and
  • Produces hormones (e.g. erythropoietin).

Tumours

This is mostly the domain of urology.

This article cover the common renal tumours:

Pediatric tumours are covered in pediatric kidney tumours.

Medical kidney diseases

This is almost a specialty for itself. Lots of interaction with nephrologists. Cystic renal disease is dealt with in a separate article called cystic kidney diseases.

Developmental

Horseshoe kidney

General

  • Anatomical variant.
  • Prevalence ~1 in 500.[1]

Gross

  • The inferior poles of the kidneys are joined with one another - have the shape of a horseshoe.

Image:

Multicystic renal dysplasia

  • Abbreviated MRD.

General

  • Most common cause of abdominal mass in newborns.[2]
  • Subtype of renal dysplasia.[2]
  • May be unilateral or involve only part of a kidney.[3]

Gross

  • Kidney has multiple large cysts or differing sizes.

DDx:

  • ARPKD - has less variability of cyst size.

Images:

Microscopic

Features:[3]

  • Cystic spaces.
  • Fibrous stroma.
  • Islands of cartilage.

Image:

Renal medullary dysplasia

General

Microscopic

Features:[4]

  • Widely spaced tubules in the medulla of the kidney.

See also

References

  1. Klatt, Edward C. (2006). Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 233. ISBN 978-1416002741.
  2. 2.0 2.1 URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/982560-overview. Accessed on: 4 January 2012.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Klatt, Edward C. (2006). Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 237. ISBN 978-1416002741.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Dotto, J.; Reyes-Múgica, M. (Jan 2007). "Renal medullary dysplasia is diagnostic of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.". Int J Surg Pathol 15 (1): 60-1. doi:10.1177/1066896906295685. PMID 17172498.
  5. Sparrow, DB.; Boyle, SC.; Sams, RS.; Mazuruk, B.; Zhang, L.; Moeckel, GW.; Dunwoodie, SL.; de Caestecker, MP. (Apr 2009). "Placental insufficiency associated with loss of Cited1 causes renal medullary dysplasia.". J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (4): 777-86. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008050547. PMID 19297558.