Cardiac tumours

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Revision as of 12:25, 29 September 2010 by Michael (talk | contribs) (rhabyomyoma, rhabyosarc, more)
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Cardiac tumours are rare buggers.

Common heart tumours

  • Approximately 10% of resected (primary) cardiac tumours are malignant.[1]
    • 90% are sarcomas.
    • 10% are lymphomas.

In order of frequency:

  1. Myxoma.
  2. Lipoma.
  3. Papillary fibroelastoma.

Notes:

  • If one is considering only valves - papillary fibroelastoma is No. 1.

Myxoma

General

  • Rare.
  • Clinical: may lead to cerebral infarction.[2]
  • Diagnosed by imaging.

Most common presentations:[2]

  • Dyspnea - 45%.
  • Neurologic symptoms 36%.

Gross

Location:[2]

  • Usually atrial.
  • Usually left side.

Features:[3]

  • Lobular surface.
  • Smooth surface.

Histology

Features:[3]

  • Myxoid material - extra cellular (???) - key feature.
  • Calcified elastic fibers - gamna bodies.
  • Hemorrhage common.
  • Often covered by endothelium.

Images:

Rhabdomyoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

See soft tissue tumours.

Lipoma

  • Like lipomas elsewhere in the body.

Metastasis

  • Most common cardiac tumour; 1:~100 primary tumours:secondary tumours.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
  • Usually from lung. (???)

Malignant heart tumours:Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

  1. Undifferentiated.
  2. Angiosarcomas.
  3. Leiomyosarcomas.

Fibroelastoma

General

  • AKA papillary fibroelastoma.
  • Usually an incidental finding.

Microscopic

Features:[5]

  • Braching papillary fronds which are:
    • Composed of collagen, and
    • Avascular.
  • +/-Elastic tissue.
  • Surrounded by:
    • Endothelium, and
    • Mucopolysaccharide.

Micrographs:

Gross

  • Friable appearing.
  • Yellow.
  • Typically on free edge.

See also

References

  1. Burke A (February 2008). "Primary malignant cardiac tumors". Semin Diagn Pathol 25 (1): 39-46. PMID 18350921.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Knepper LE, Biller J, Adams HP, Bruno A (November 1988). "Neurologic manifestations of atrial myxoma. A 12-year experience and review". Stroke 19 (11): 1435-40. PMID 3188128. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/11/1435.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Grebenc ML, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Green CE, Burke AP, Galvin JR (2002). "Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients". Radiographics 22 (3): 673-89. PMID 12006696. http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/22/3/673.long.
  4. Yinon, Y.; Chitayat, D.; Blaser, S.; Seed, M.; Amsalem, H.; Yoo, SJ.; Jaeggi, ET. (Aug 2010). "Fetal cardiac tumors: a single-center experience of 40 cases.". Prenat Diagn. doi:10.1002/pd.2590. PMID 20721876.
  5. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/hearttumor.html