Difference between revisions of "Small round cell tumours"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
(→Tabular comparison: wikify) |
(→Tabular comparison: bold) |
||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Hepatoblastoma]] | | [[Hepatoblastoma]] | ||
| fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | | fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, '''eosinophilic cytoplasm''') | ||
| liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | | liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | ||
| AFP | | AFP | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]] | | [[Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]] | ||
| rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | | '''alveolar-like spaces''' (small blue cells line spaces supported by fibrous tissue) rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | ||
| adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | ||
| "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]]<sup>§</sup> | | [[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]]<sup>§</sup> | ||
| rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), nests with rounded border | | rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), '''nests with rounded border''' | ||
| <10 years old; usu. localized | | <10 years old; usu. localized | ||
| "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Desmoplastic small round cell tumour]] (DSRCT) | | [[Desmoplastic small round cell tumour]] (DSRCT) | ||
| nests with "jigsaw" border | | '''nests with "jigsaw" border''' | ||
| peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | | peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | ||
| keratin+, EMA+, desmin+ !!! | | keratin+, EMA+, desmin+ !!! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Small cell carcinoma | | Small cell carcinoma | ||
| stippled chromatin, nuclear moulding | | stippled chromatin, '''nuclear moulding''' | ||
| adults, smokers | | adults, smokers | ||
| synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins | | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Lymphoma]], non-Hogkin's, usu. large cell | | [[Lymphoma]], non-Hogkin's, usu. large cell (e.g. [[DLBCL]]) | ||
| dyscohesive cells, usu. ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, usu. nucleolus | | dyscohesive cells, usu. ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, usu. nucleolus | ||
| lymphadenopathy (???) | | lymphadenopathy (???) | ||
Revision as of 05:28, 9 March 2011
Small round cell tumours (SRCT), also small round blue cell tumours (SRBCT), are a group of tumours that have a similar histologic appearance.
It is a group of tumours that is seen more often in childhood than adulthood.
- Neuroblastoma.
- Wilms tumour (AKA nephroblastoma).
- Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Ewing sarcoma/PNET - this entity is dealt with in the bone tumours article.
- Lymphoma - non-Hogkin's lymphoma, usu. large cell lymphomas (e.g. diffuse large B cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma), Burkitt's lymphoma.
- Retinoblastoma.
- Hepatoblastoma.
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT).
Memory device: 4 -blastoma (hepato-, neuro-, nephro-, retino-), PNET/Ewing sarcoma (medulloblastoma), DSRCT, lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Microscopic
Features:
- Sheets of cells, very cellular.
- Small cells ~ 2X RBC diameter.
- Scant cytoplasm.
- Coarse chromatin.
- +/-Nucleolus. (???)
- +/-Vascular.
Tabular comparison
Adapted from Thorner:[3]
| Tumour | Key histologic features | History | Key IHC / special stains |
| Hepatoblastoma | fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | AFP |
| Neuroblastoma | nests, thin fibrovascular septae, lymphocytes, ganglion-like cells (prominent nucleolus), neuropil (eosinophilic, fluffy, finely vacuolated) | adrenal gland, sympathetic chain; usu. < 3 years old | NB-84+, NSE+, S100- |
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) | triphasic - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | kidney lesion, various syndromes | WT-1+ |
| Retinoblastoma | Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette (rosette with empty centre (donut hole))[4] | eye lesion; +/-RB1 gene mutations (familial) | |
| Medulloblastoma | Homer-Wright rosettes (rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)[4] | +/-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome | |
| Ewing sarcoma/PNET | clear cytoplasm (glycogen) | bone lesion, adolescents | PAS+/PASD-, CD99 diffuse membranous |
| Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | alveolar-like spaces (small blue cells line spaces supported by fibrous tissue) rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma§ | rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), nests with rounded border | <10 years old; usu. localized | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) | nests with "jigsaw" border | peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | keratin+, EMA+, desmin+ !!! |
| Small cell carcinoma | stippled chromatin, nuclear moulding | adults, smokers | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins |
| Lymphoma, non-Hogkin's, usu. large cell (e.g. DLBCL) | dyscohesive cells, usu. ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, usu. nucleolus | lymphadenopathy (???) | CD45 |
Notes:
- § Uncommonly has the small round cell tumour morphology - included for comparison to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.
- ↑ Chen QR, Vansant G, Oades K, et al. (February 2007). "Diagnosis of the small round blue cell tumors using multiplex polymerase chain reaction". J Mol Diagn 9 (1): 80–8. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060111. PMC 1867426. PMID 17251339. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867426/.
- ↑ PST. 14 February 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wippold FJ, Perry A (March 2006). "Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 (3): 488–92. PMID 16551982.