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Difference between revisions of "Robbins and Cotran 9th Edition Questions"
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Robbins and Cotran 9th Edition Questions (view source)
Revision as of 17:26, 27 May 2015
, 17:26, 27 May 2015→Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
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== Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease== | == Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease== | ||
{{hidden| Short Answer Questions | | {{hidden begin| Short Answer Questions | | ||
{{hidden|How much of the human genome is coding and what does it code?|Of the 3.2b basepairs, there are 20,000 genes that comprise about 1.5% of the genome that code for proteins (enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules used to assemble and maintain all the cells in the body}} | {{hidden|How much of the human genome is coding and what does it code?|Of the 3.2b basepairs, there are 20,000 genes that comprise about 1.5% of the genome that code for proteins (enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules used to assemble and maintain all the cells in the body}} | ||
{{hidden|What do we think that the rest of the genome does?|80% of the genome binds proteins, implying that it is involved in regulating gene expression, related to the regulation of gene expression, often in a cell-type specific fashion.}} | {{hidden|What do we think that the rest of the genome does?|80% of the genome binds proteins, implying that it is involved in regulating gene expression, related to the regulation of gene expression, often in a cell-type specific fashion.}} | ||
{{hidden|List the major classes of functional non-protein-coding sequences found in the human genome.|1. Promoter & enhancer | {{hidden|List the major classes of functional non-protein-coding sequences found in the human genome.| | ||
*1. Promoter & enhancer | |||
*2. Chromatin binding site structures | |||
*3. non-coding regulatory RNAs | |||
*4. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) | |||
*5. telomeres | |||
*6. centromers. }} | |||
{{hidden|What are the two most common forms of DNA variation in the human genome?|1) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) | {{hidden|What are the two most common forms of DNA variation in the human genome?| | ||
*1) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) | |||
*2) copy number variations (CNVs)}} | |||
{{hidden|What are the possible implications of SNPs.|1) regulatory = alters gene expression | {{hidden|What are the possible implications of SNPs.| | ||
*1) regulatory = alters gene expression | |||
*2) Correlation with disease states when in close proximity with altered genes | |||
*3) association used to define linkage disequilibrium,?}} | |||
{{hidden|Define epigenetics.|Heritable changes in gene expression which are not caused by alterations in DNA sequence.}} | {{hidden|Define epigenetics.|Heritable changes in gene expression which are not caused by alterations in DNA sequence.}} | ||
{{hidden|List the 6 types of epigenetic changes.|1) Histone & histone modifying factors (Histones organize chromatin into heterochromatin and euchromatin | {{hidden|List the 6 types of epigenetic changes.| | ||
*1) Histone & histone modifying factors (Histones organize chromatin into heterochromatin and euchromatin | |||
*2) histone methylation | |||
*3) histone acteylation | |||
*4)histone phosphorylation | |||
*5) DNA methylation | |||
*6) Chromatin organizing factors.}} | |||
{{hidden|What is the function of micro-RNA (mi-RNA)?|It does not encode protein, instead they function primarily to modulate the translation of target mRNAs into their corresponding proteins, and are responsible for post-transcriptional silencing of gene expression.}} | {{hidden|What is the function of micro-RNA (mi-RNA)?|It does not encode protein, instead they function primarily to modulate the translation of target mRNAs into their corresponding proteins, and are responsible for post-transcriptional silencing of gene expression.}} | ||