Difference between revisions of "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma"
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*Strong association with [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV). | *Strong association with [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV). | ||
*Moderate risk incease for [[smokers]].<ref name=pmid23785114>{{Cite journal | last1 = Xue | first1 = WQ. | last2 = Qin | first2 = HD. | last3 = Ruan | first3 = HL. | last4 = Shugart | first4 = YY. | last5 = Jia | first5 = WH. | title = Quantitative association of tobacco smoking with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies conducted between 1979 and 2011. | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 178 | issue = 3 | pages = 325-38 | month = Aug | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1093/aje/kws479 | PMID = 23785114 }}</ref> | *Moderate risk incease for [[smokers]].<ref name=pmid23785114>{{Cite journal | last1 = Xue | first1 = WQ. | last2 = Qin | first2 = HD. | last3 = Ruan | first3 = HL. | last4 = Shugart | first4 = YY. | last5 = Jia | first5 = WH. | title = Quantitative association of tobacco smoking with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies conducted between 1979 and 2011. | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 178 | issue = 3 | pages = 325-38 | month = Aug | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1093/aje/kws479 | PMID = 23785114 }}</ref> | ||
*Uncommon in the Western World<ref name=pmid23337060>{{Cite journal | last1 = Colaco | first1 = RJ. | last2 = Betts | first2 = G. | last3 = Donne | first3 = A. | last4 = Swindell | first4 = R. | last5 = Yap | first5 = BK. | last6 = Sykes | first6 = AJ. | last7 = Slevin | first7 = NJ. | last8 = Homer | first8 = JJ. | last9 = Lee | first9 = LW. | title = Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective review of demographics, treatment and patient outcome in a single centre. | journal = Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 171-7 | month = Mar | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.clon.2012.10.006 | PMID = 23337060 }}</ref> | |||
Clinical: | |||
*Neck mass - most common presentation.<ref name=pmid23337060/> | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
Revision as of 15:50, 23 February 2014
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | Cohesive typical (squamoid) cells (abundant dense eosinophilic cytoplasm, central nuclei +/- small/indistinct nucleoli), prominent lymphoid component |
| LM DDx | HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |
| IHC | EBER +ve, p16 -ve |
| Site | head and neck |
|
| |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, abbreviated NPC, is malignant epithelial tumour of the head and neck closely related to squamous cell carcinoma.
General
- "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma" is the name of an entity - it is not a descriptive term.
- Strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
- Moderate risk incease for smokers.[1]
- Uncommon in the Western World[2]
Clinical:
- Neck mass - most common presentation.[2]
Note:
- A morphologically identical tumour elsewhere is called lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.
Gross
- Nasopharynx - as the name would suggest.
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Prominent lymphoid component - key feature.
- Features of squamous cell carcinoma:
- Cohesive cells with:
- Abundant dense eosinophilic cytoplasm.
- Central nuclei +/- small/indistinct nucleoli.
- Cohesive cells with:
DDx:
Images
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - in a LN - intermed. mag. (WC)
www:
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - in a LN - low mag. (WP).
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - in a LN - high mag. (WP).
Histologic subclassification
World Health Classification (2005) for NPC:[4]
| Type | Histology | Description | EBV | Prevalence | Prognosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keratinizing SCC | graded poorly-well-diff. | -ve | ? | bad |
| 2a | nonkeratinizing carcinoma, differentiated | well def. cell borders & tumour nest borders, mimics appearance of UCC | +ve | ? | good |
| 2b | nonkeratinizing carcinoma, undifferentiated | sheets/syncytial, vescicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, pink cytoplasm | ? | most common | ? |
| 3 | basaloid SCC | mimics BCC - see basaloid SCC | ? | least common | ? |
How to remember KNUB:
- Keratinizing, Non-keratinizing diff., non-keratinizing Undiff., Basaloid SCC.
IHC
- EBER +ve.
- p16 -ve.[5]
Notes:
See also
References
- ↑ Xue, WQ.; Qin, HD.; Ruan, HL.; Shugart, YY.; Jia, WH. (Aug 2013). "Quantitative association of tobacco smoking with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies conducted between 1979 and 2011.". Am J Epidemiol 178 (3): 325-38. doi:10.1093/aje/kws479. PMID 23785114.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Colaco, RJ.; Betts, G.; Donne, A.; Swindell, R.; Yap, BK.; Sykes, AJ.; Slevin, NJ.; Homer, JJ. et al. (Mar 2013). "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective review of demographics, treatment and patient outcome in a single centre.". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 25 (3): 171-7. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2012.10.006. PMID 23337060.
- ↑ Klatt, Edward C. (2006). Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 145. ISBN 978-1416002741.
- ↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 39. ISBN 978-0781765275.
- ↑ Gulley ML, Nicholls JM, Schneider BG, Amin MB, Ro JY, Geradts J (April 1998). "Nasopharyngeal carcinomas frequently lack the p16/MTS1 tumor suppressor protein but consistently express the retinoblastoma gene product". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (4): 865–9. PMC 1858242. PMID 9546345. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1858242/.
- ↑ Singhi, AD.; Califano, J.; Westra, WH. (Feb 2012). "High-risk human papillomavirus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.". Head Neck 34 (2): 213-8. doi:10.1002/hed.21714. PMID 21484924.