Difference between revisions of "Leukemia"
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[[Image:Acute leukemia-ALL.jpg | thumb|right|A bone marrow of an individual with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. [[Wright stain]]. (WC)]] | [[Image:Acute leukemia-ALL.jpg | thumb|right|A bone marrow of an individual with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. [[Wright stain]]. (WC)]] | ||
The | The term '''leukemia''' is broadly used to refer to any haematological malignancy where the neoplastic cells in the circulation are the prominent feature. It is generally only seen by anatomical pathologists only in countries where hematopathology reporting is done by anatomical pathologists rather than hematologists. | ||
Lymphoma is discussed in the ''[[lymphoma]]'' article, and overlaps somewhat with leukemia as the clear distinction between the two is historical | Lymphoma is discussed in the ''[[lymphoma]]'' article, and overlaps somewhat with leukemia as the clear distinction between the two is somewhat arbitrary and historical:<ref>{{Ref PCPBoD8|314}}</ref> | ||
*Leukemia = involves bone marrow +/- peripheral blood. | *Leukemia = involves bone marrow +/- peripheral blood. | ||
**Classic presentation: infection, bleeding, anemia. | **Classic presentation: infection, bleeding, anemia. | ||
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=Definition= | =Definition= | ||
This varies with the type. | |||
For acute myeloid leukemia, all of the following:<ref name=dg21mar20011>D. Good. 21 March 2011.</ref> | |||
#Morphologic abnormalities. | #Morphologic abnormalities. | ||
#>20% blasts ''or'' recurrent cytogenetic abnormality. | #>20% blasts ''or'' recurrent cytogenetic abnormality. | ||
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*inv(16). | *inv(16). | ||
*t(15;17). | *t(15;17). | ||
=Leukemia classification= | |||
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]] (AML): | |||
*#AML. | |||
*#AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. | |||
*#AML from [[MDS]]. | |||
*#AML in the setting of [[Down syndrome]]. | |||
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL): | |||
*#B cell. | |||
*#B cell with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. | |||
*#T cell (sometimes abbreviated to T-ALL) | |||
*Not to be confused with [[adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] (ATLL) | |||
*[[Chronic myeloid leukemia]] (CML) | |||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) - usually classified with lymphomas | |||
Rarer leukemias: | |||
*Plasma cell leukaemia | |||
*Mast cell leukemia | |||
=Histomorphologic overview= | =Histomorphologic overview= | ||
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|} | |} | ||
† should be easy to remember as smALL people, i.e. kids, get this type of acute leukemia. | † should be easy to remember as smALL people, i.e. kids, get this type of acute leukemia. | ||
=Algorithms= | =Algorithms= | ||
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*[[Down syndrome]]? | *[[Down syndrome]]? | ||
=Prognosis= | =Prognosis= | ||
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=Specific diagnoses= | =Specific diagnoses= | ||
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]] | |||
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] | |||
*[[Chronic myeloid leukemia]] | |||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] | |||
*[[ | |||
*[ | |||
*[[ | |||
*[ | |||
=See also= | =See also= |