Difference between revisions of "Robbins and Cotran 9th Edition Questions"
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{{hidden|What are the possible implications of SNPs.|[[1) regulatory = alters gene expression, 2) Correlation with disease states when in close proximity with altered genes, 3) association used to define linkage disequilibrium,?]]}} | {{hidden|What are the possible implications of SNPs.|[[1) regulatory = alters gene expression, 2) Correlation with disease states when in close proximity with altered genes, 3) association used to define linkage disequilibrium,?]]}} | ||
{{hidden|Define epigenetics.| | {{hidden|Define epigenetics.|[[Heritable changes in gene expression which are not caused by alterations in DNA sequence.]]}} | ||
{{hidden|List the 6 types of epigenetic changes.|[[1) Histone & histone modifying factors (Histones organize chromatin into heterochromatin and euchromatin, 2) histone methylation, 3) histone acteylation, 4)histone phosphorylation, 5) DNA methylation, 6) Chromatin organizing factors.]]}} | {{hidden|List the 6 types of epigenetic changes.|[[1) Histone & histone modifying factors (Histones organize chromatin into heterochromatin and euchromatin, 2) histone methylation, 3) histone acteylation, 4)histone phosphorylation, 5) DNA methylation, 6) Chromatin organizing factors.]]}} | ||
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{{hidden|What is knockdown technology?|[[The use of synthetic si-RNA (short RNA sequences) introduced into cells that serve as substrates for Dicer and interact with the RISC complex in a manner analogous to endogenous miRNAs, and are used to study gene function, and are being developed as therapeutic agents to silence pathogenic genes, e.g. oncogenic in neoplasms.]]}} | {{hidden|What is knockdown technology?|[[The use of synthetic si-RNA (short RNA sequences) introduced into cells that serve as substrates for Dicer and interact with the RISC complex in a manner analogous to endogenous miRNAs, and are used to study gene function, and are being developed as therapeutic agents to silence pathogenic genes, e.g. oncogenic in neoplasms.]]}} | ||
{{ | {{hidden|What is long non coding RNA?|[[ Lnc-RNA modulate gene expression by binding to regions of chromatin, restricting RNA polymerase access to coding genes within the region, and may exceed the number of mRNA's by 10-20 fold.]]}} | ||
{{hidden|What is XIST?|[[XIST is a lnc-RNA which is transcribed from the X-chromosome and plays an essential role in physiologic X chromosome inactivation, though not inactivated itself, it forms a repressive cloak on the X chromosome from which it is transcribed resulting in gene silencing.]]}} | |||
{{hidden|What are the cellular housekeeping functions?|[[ 1) protection from the environment, 2) nutrient acquisition, 3) communication, 4) movement, 5) renewal of senescent molecules, 6) molecular catabolism, 7) energy generation.]]}} | |||
== Chapter 2 == | == Chapter 2 == | ||