Difference between revisions of "Gross pathology"

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*[[Calcific aortic stenosis]].
*[[Calcific aortic stenosis]].


==Gross spot diagnosis==
==Gross pathology spot diagnoses==
===Heart===
{{Main|Gross pathology spot diagnoses}}
[[Heart valve]]:
*[[Infective endocarditis]].
*[[Bicuspid aortic valve]].
*[[Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis]] - non-distructive.
*[[Rheumatic heart disease]] - fish mouth valve, thick cordae tendinae.
*[[Calcific aortic stenosis]].
Heart - other:
*[[Fibrinous pericarditis]].
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] - septal thickness > free wall thickness.
*Cardiac hypertrophy.
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]].
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]].
*[[Atrial septal defect]].
*[[Ventricular septal defect]].
*Patent foramen ovale.
 
===Cardiovascular===
*[[Aortic dissection]].
*Aortic rupture.
*[[Cerebral saccular aneurysm]].
 
===Lungs===
*[[Pulmonary thromboembolism]].
*[[Pulmonary infarct]].
*Lung abscess.
*Lung tumour (primary).
*Metatstatic tumour lung - usu. multiple and peripheral.
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]].
*[[Pleural plaques]].
*[[Emphysema]].
*[[Pneumothorax]].
*[[Hemothorax]].
*Hypoplasia secondary to [[diaphragmatic hernia]].
 
===Gastrointestinal pathology===
[[Esophagus]]:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]] - classically mid esophagus.
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus]] - usually distal esophagus.
*[[Barrett's esophagus]].
*[[Esophageal varices]].
*Esophageal perforation.
 
Stomach:
*Malignant gastric ulcer.
*Peptic ulcer.
*[[Gastric antral vascular ectasia]].
*[[Leopard spots]] - seen in hypothermia.
*[[GIST]].
 
[[Duodenum]]:
*Peptic ulcer.
*[[Duodenal adenocarcinoma]] - classically assoc. with [[FAP]].
 
[[Liver]]:
*[[Cirrhosis]].
*[[Hydatid cyst]].
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] - in the context of cirrhosis.
*[[Metastases]].
*[[Hemangioma]].
*[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Hepatic adenoma]].
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
*[[Congestive hepatopathy]] (nutmeg liver) - seen in [[congestive heart failure]].
*Hepatic infarct - classically at the periphery, red and wedge-shaped.
 
[[Gallbladder]]:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Cholesterolosis of the gallbladder]].
*Gallbladder polyp.
 
[[Pancreas]]:
*[[Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm]] - with age & sex provided.
*[[Pancreatic adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]].
 
[[Small bowel]]:
*Ischemic small bowel.
*[[Meckel's diverticulum]].
*[[Intussusception]].
*Neuroendocrine tumour - if on section.
*[[GIST]].
*Incarcerated hernia.
 
[[Appendix]]:
*[[Acute appendicitis]].
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour of the appendix]].
*[[Mucinous tumour of the appendix]].
 
Large bowel:
*[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
*Bowel infarction.
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] - no skip lesions, no wall thickening.
*[[Crohn's disease]] - [[creeping fat]], cobble stone pattern, skip lesions, fistulas.
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].
 
===Gynecologic pathology===
Ovary:
*Mucinous tumour.
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary]].
*[[ovarian fibroma|Fibroma]].
*[[Brenner tumour]] - may be yellow, typically solid.
*[[Endometrioma]].
 
Uterine tube:
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
*Tubal abscess.
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
 
Uterus:
*[[Adenomyosis of the uterus|Adenomyosis]].
*[[Uterine leiomyoma|Leiomyoma]] - multiple.
*Endometrial carcinoma.
*[[Uterine leiomyosarcoma|Leiomyosarcoma]] - friable, solitary, fish flesh.
*[[Bicornuate uterus]].
*[[Uterus didelphys]].
*[[Sarcoma botryoides]] (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma).
 
Uterine cervix:
*[[Nabothian cyst]].
*[[Cervical polyp]].
*Cervical carcinoma.
 
===Dermatopathology===
Tumour:
*[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Malignant melanoma]].
 
Possible syndromic:
*[[Seborrheic keratosis]] - [[Leser–Trélat sign]]
*[[Neurofibroma]] - [[neurofibromatosis]].
*[[Angiofibroma]] - [[Fabry disease]].
 
===Neuropathology===
Bleeds:
*[[Epidural hematoma]]
*[[Subdural hematoma]].
*[[Subarachnoid hematoma]] - [[berry aneurysm]].
*[[Intracerebral hematoma]] - hypertensive, usu. thalamus.
**Lobar hemorrhage - periphery of cortex.
*[[Duret hemorrhage]] - pontine hemorrhage.
 
Tumours:
*[[Meningioma]] - intradural, extramedullary.
*Glioma.
*[[Schwannoma]] - cerebellopontine angle.
*[[Myxopapillary ependymoma]] - filum terminale.
 
Non-tumour:
*[[Diffuse axonal injury]] - classically corpus callosum.
*[[Fat embolism]].
*[[Cerebral contusion]].
**[[Plaque jaune]].
*Cerebral infarction - classically MCA territory.
 
Neurodegenerative:
*[[Alzheimer disease]] - atrophy spares occipital lobe.
*Frontotemporal dementia.
*[[Huntington disease]] - young, caudate nucleus missing.
 
===Genitourinary pathology===
Kidney:
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]] - yellow.
*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]] - friable.
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] - brown +/-hemorrhage, no central scar.
*[[Renal oncocytoma]] - brown, central scar.
*[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]] - fat.
 
Testis:
*[[Seminoma]] - solid.
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]] - cystic (often teratoma) & solid.<ref name=Ref_AoGP447>{{Ref AoGP|447}}</ref>
*[[Leydig cell tumour]] - brown.
*Testicular torsion.
 
Paratesticular:
*[[Liposarcoma]].
 
===Placenta===
Membranes:
*Marginal inserion - normal.
*[[Circumvallate placenta]].
*[[Circummarginate placenta]].
 
Disc:
*Retroplacental blood clot - suggestive of [[placental abruption]].
*[[Chorangioma]] - big red intraparenchymal.
*[[Placental infarct]] - white = old, red = recent.
*[[Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome]] - one side beefy red the other pale.
*Meconium staining/[[chorioamnionitis]].
*[[Amnion nodosum]].
*[[Squamous metaplasia of the amnion]].
*Succenturiate placenta (placenta with accessory lobe(s)).
*Bilobate placenta.
 
Cord:
*[[Two vessel umbilical cord]].
*False knot.
*True knot.
*Membranous insertion ([[AKA]] velamentous insertion).
*Furcate insertion - vessels separate before inserting.
 
===Fetal===
*[[Amniotic rupture sequence]] - includes [[amniotic band syndrome]].
*[[Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome]] (TTTS).
 
Genetic:
*[[Down syndrome]].
*[[Edwards syndrome]].
*[[Patau syndrome]].
*[[Turner syndrome]].


==See also==
==See also==
Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/wiki/Gross_pathology"