Difference between revisions of "Dermal cysts"

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'''Dermal cysts''', also '''skin cysts''', are common in [[dermatopathology]].  Dermatopathologists can diagnose 'em.
'''Dermal cysts''', also '''skin cysts''', are common in [[dermatopathology]].  Dermatopathologists can diagnose 'em.


==Cysts==
=Overview=
Common types:<ref name=Ref_TN2007_D5>{{Ref TN2007| D5}}</ref>
Common types:<ref name=Ref_TN2007_D5>{{Ref TN2007| D5}}</ref>
*[[Epidermal cyst]] (sebaceous cyst) -- most common.
*[[Epidermal cyst]] (sebaceous cyst) -- most common.
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*Milicem.
*Milicem.


=Common cysts=
==Epidermal necrosis==
==Epidermal necrosis==
*This may be cystic.  It is covered in the ''[[epidermal necrosis]]'' article, which covers [[erythema multiforme]], [[Steven-Johnson syndrome]] and [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]].
*This may be cystic.  It is covered in the ''[[epidermal necrosis]]'' article, which covers [[erythema multiforme]], [[Steven-Johnson syndrome]] and [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]].
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====Micro====
====Micro====
The sections show a cyst that is lined by squamous epithelium without a granular layer. Focally, keratohyaline granules are seen in the cyst lining cells. The innermost cyst lining cells are large and have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cyst contains keratin.
The sections show a cyst that is lined by squamous epithelium without a granular layer. Focally, keratohyaline granules are seen in the cyst lining cells. The innermost cyst lining cells are large and have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cyst contains keratin.
==Steatocystoma==
===General===
*Benign.
*Typically adults.
*Usually on the trunk.
*May be genetic; known as ''steatocystoma multiplex''.<ref name=omim184500>{{OMIM|184500}}</ref>
**Classically autosomal dominant.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html]. Accessed on: 29 January 2012.</ref>
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm312>{{Ref Derm|312}}</ref>
*Cyst lined by squamous epithelium with:
*#Corrugated eosinophilic lining - '''key feature'''.
*#*Similar appearance to compact keratin (hyperkeratosis).
*#*Described as a ''hyaline cuticle''.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html]. Accessed on: 29 January 2012.</ref>
*#'''No''' granular cell layer.
Images:
*www:
**[http://www.flickr.com/photos/santoshpath/4788590105/in/photostream/ Steatocystoma - low mag. (flickr.com)].
**[http://www.flickr.com/photos/santoshpath/4788590109/ Steatocystoma - high mag. (flickr.com)].
**[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/images/fig03.jpg Steatocystoma (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674.html]. Accessed on: 29 January 2012.</ref>
*[[WC]]:
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SkinTumors-P6260388.JPG Steatocystoma (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steatocystoma_-_low_mag.jpg Steatocystoma - low mag. (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steatocystoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg Steatocystoma - intermed. mag. (WC)].


==Dermoid cyst==
==Dermoid cyst==
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*[http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases-i/case115/larger/Figure3.jpg Dermoid cyst - low mag. (uiowa.edu)].<ref name=dc_uiowa>Gandhi N, Syed NA, Alen R. Dermoid Cyst. EyeRounds.org. posted July 26, 2010; Available from: [http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases/115-dermoid-cyst.htm http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases/115-dermoid-cyst.htm].  Accessed on: 22 September 2011.</ref>
*[http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases-i/case115/larger/Figure3.jpg Dermoid cyst - low mag. (uiowa.edu)].<ref name=dc_uiowa>Gandhi N, Syed NA, Alen R. Dermoid Cyst. EyeRounds.org. posted July 26, 2010; Available from: [http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases/115-dermoid-cyst.htm http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases/115-dermoid-cyst.htm].  Accessed on: 22 September 2011.</ref>
*[http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases-i/case115/larger/Figure4.jpg Dermoid cyst - intermed. mag. (uiowa.edu)].
*[http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases-i/case115/larger/Figure4.jpg Dermoid cyst - intermed. mag. (uiowa.edu)].
==Digital mucous cyst==
===General===
*Dome-shaped [[papule]].
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=dermpedia>URL: [http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst]. Accessed on: 17 January 2012.</ref>
*Mucous in superficial dermis - '''key feature'''.
*No epithelial lining; it is a pseudocyst.
Note:
*Mucin = glycolated proteins; may be part of mucous.
*Mucous = slippery secretion.
**Some split hairs over the "u" - "mucus" vs. "mucous".<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucous http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucous]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref><ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucus http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucus]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref>
DDx:
*[[Focal cutaneous mucinosis]].
Images:
*[http://www.dermpedia.org/files/images/Digital_mucous_cyst_2.jpg Digital mucous cyst (dermpedia.org)].<ref name=dermpedia>URL: [http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst]. Accessed on: 17 January 2012.</ref>


==Pilonidal cyst==
==Pilonidal cyst==
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The section shows hair-bearing skin with a deep sinus tract containing large clusters of neutrophils, abundant plasma cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells.  The core of the lesion is, focally, well-vascularized. At the edge of the lesion is fibrotic tissue with plump fibroblasts.  Benign, fibrofatty tissue with scant inflammation completely surrounds the tract, in the plane of section; however, it is focally fragmented. There is no squamous lining within the sinus.  No nuclear atypia is identified.
The section shows hair-bearing skin with a deep sinus tract containing large clusters of neutrophils, abundant plasma cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells.  The core of the lesion is, focally, well-vascularized. At the edge of the lesion is fibrotic tissue with plump fibroblasts.  Benign, fibrofatty tissue with scant inflammation completely surrounds the tract, in the plane of section; however, it is focally fragmented. There is no squamous lining within the sinus.  No nuclear atypia is identified.


==See also==
=Less common=
==Steatocystoma==
===General===
*Benign.
*Typically adults.
*Usually on the trunk.
*May be genetic; known as ''steatocystoma multiplex''.<ref name=omim184500>{{OMIM|184500}}</ref>
**Classically autosomal dominant.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html]. Accessed on: 29 January 2012.</ref>
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_Derm312>{{Ref Derm|312}}</ref>
*Cyst lined by squamous epithelium with:
*#Corrugated eosinophilic lining - '''key feature'''.
*#*Similar appearance to compact keratin (hyperkeratosis).
*#*Described as a ''hyaline cuticle''.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/dx.html]. Accessed on: 29 January 2012.</ref>
*#'''No''' granular cell layer.
 
Images:
*www:
**[http://www.flickr.com/photos/santoshpath/4788590105/in/photostream/ Steatocystoma - low mag. (flickr.com)].
**[http://www.flickr.com/photos/santoshpath/4788590109/ Steatocystoma - high mag. (flickr.com)].
**[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674/images/fig03.jpg Steatocystoma (upmc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case674.html]. Accessed on: 29 January 2012.</ref>
*[[WC]]:
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SkinTumors-P6260388.JPG Steatocystoma (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steatocystoma_-_low_mag.jpg Steatocystoma - low mag. (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steatocystoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg Steatocystoma - intermed. mag. (WC)].
 
==Digital mucous cyst==
===General===
*Dome-shaped [[papule]].
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=dermpedia>URL: [http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst]. Accessed on: 17 January 2012.</ref>
*Mucous in superficial dermis - '''key feature'''.
*No epithelial lining; it is a pseudocyst.
 
Note:
*Mucin = glycolated proteins; may be part of mucous.
*Mucous = slippery secretion.
**Some split hairs over the "u" - "mucus" vs. "mucous".<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucous http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucous]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref><ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucus http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mucus]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref>
 
DDx:
*[[Focal cutaneous mucinosis]].
 
Images:
*[http://www.dermpedia.org/files/images/Digital_mucous_cyst_2.jpg Digital mucous cyst (dermpedia.org)].<ref name=dermpedia>URL: [http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst http://www.dermpedia.org/dermpedia-textbook/digital-mucous-myxoid-cyst]. Accessed on: 17 January 2012.</ref>
 
=See also=
*[[Non-malignant skin disease]]
*[[Non-malignant skin disease]]
*[[Dermatopathology introduction]]
*[[Dermatopathology introduction]]


==References==
=References=
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:Non-malignant skin disease]]
[[Category:Non-malignant skin disease]]
[[Category:Dermatopathology]]
[[Category:Dermatopathology]]
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