Difference between revisions of "Fungi"

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Fungi (view source)

Revision as of 04:23, 15 November 2011

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(→‎Specific fungi: rework section)
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=Specific fungi=
=Specific fungi=
==Histoplasmosis==
==Histoplasmosis==
*''Histoplasma capulatum'' - primative fungus, typical location: lung.
===General===
** Often in yeast form in tissue 2-5 micrometres.<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref>  
*Organism: ''Histoplasma''.
*Specific organism: ''Histoplasma capulatum''.
*Typical location: [[lung]].
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
* Often in yeast form in tissue 2-5 micrometres.<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref>  
** Nice bright red on PAS-D - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Histoplasma_pas-d.jpg histoplasmosis (wikipedia.org)].
** Nice bright red on PAS-D - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Histoplasma_pas-d.jpg histoplasmosis (wikipedia.org)].
*** Have a "central dot"<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A6I001-PQ01-M.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A6I001-PQ01-M.htm]. Accessed on: 19 October 2010</ref> - [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/PQ-Images/A6I001-3.gif histoplasma (ouhsc.edu)].
*** Have a "central dot"<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A6I001-PQ01-M.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A6I001-PQ01-M.htm]. Accessed on: 19 October 2010</ref> - [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/PQ-Images/A6I001-3.gif histoplasma (ouhsc.edu)].


==Coccidiomycosis==
==Coccidioidomycosis==
*''Coccidioides immitis'' - fungus, from soil, typical locations: lung, oral cavity.<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  
===General===
** Forms spherules 60-80 micrometres in size.<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref>  
*Organism: ''Coccidioides''.
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mature_spherule_with_endospores_of_Coccidioides_immitis_PHIL_480_lores.jpg Coccidioides (commons.wikimedia.org)].
*Specific organism: ''Coccidioides immitis'' -  
**Usu. from soil.
*Typical locations: lung, oral cavity.<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
* Forms spherules 60-80 micrometres in size.<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref>  


==Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) ==
Image:
*''Pneumocystis jirovecii'' (used to be called ''Pneumocystis carinii'') - fungus (that used to be considered a parasite), typical location: lung.
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mature_spherule_with_endospores_of_Coccidioides_immitis_PHIL_480_lores.jpg Coccidioides (WC)].
**Clinical: Opportunistic infection. May have subtle finding on chest x-ray.
 
**"Dented ping-pong ball" appearance;<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref> - remember '''P'''C'''P''' = '''p'''ing-'''p'''ong.
==Pneumocystis pneumonia==
**Approximately 7-8 micrometres in size - [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pneumocystosis_carinii_of_lung_in_AIDS_959_lores.jpg PCP (WP)].  [http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Pneumocystis+carinii&go=Go Several images are here (WC)].
Abbreviated ''PCP''.
===General===
*Organism: ''pneumocystis'',
*Specific organism: ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'' (used to be called ''Pneumocystis carinii'')  
**Fungus... used to be considered a parasite.
*Typical location: lung.
*Clinical: Opportunistic infection. May have subtle finding on chest x-ray.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*"Dented ping-pong ball" appearance;<ref name=Ref_WMSP103>{{Ref WMSP|103}}</ref> - remember '''P'''C'''P''' = '''p'''ing-'''p'''ong.
*Approximately 7-8 micrometres in size - [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pneumocystosis_carinii_of_lung_in_AIDS_959_lores.jpg PCP (WP)].  [http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Pneumocystis+carinii&go=Go Several images are here (WC)].


==Cryptococcus==
==Cryptococcus==
*Usually ''C. neoformans'', fungus - opportunistic infection, typical location: lung.
===General===
*Most common fungus seen in CSF specimens.<ref name=Ref_APBR682>{{Ref APBR|682}}</ref>
*Specific organism: ''C. neoformans''.
*Opportunistic infection.
*Typical location: lung.
**Most common fungus seen in CSF specimens.<ref name=Ref_APBR682>{{Ref APBR|682}}</ref>


Appearance:
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Yeast:
*Yeast:
**Round/ovoid 5-15 micrometres (may resemble Histoplasma or Candida -- but often larger).
**Round/ovoid 5-15 micrometres (may resemble Histoplasma or Candida -- but often larger).
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==Cryptosporidiosis==
==Cryptosporidiosis==
===General===
===General===
*Caused by cryptosporidium.
*Caused by ''cryptosporidium''.
*Fecal-oral transmission.  
*Fecal-oral transmission.  
*Usu. in immunoincompetent individuals, e.g. [[HIV|HIV/AIDS]].
*Usu. in immunoincompetent individuals, e.g. [[HIV|HIV/AIDS]].
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==Candidiasis==
==Candidiasis==
*Commonly ''Candida albicans'' - yeast (fungus), locations: oral cavity, vagina.
===General===
*Commonly ''Candida albicans''.
*Yeast forms.
*Locations: oral cavity, vagina.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*''Dimorphic'' - seen in two forms:
*''Dimorphic'' - seen in two forms:
**Pseudohyphae<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  - collections of many ''C. albicans'' cells in a branching pattern.
**Pseudohyphae<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  - collections of many ''C. albicans'' cells in a branching pattern.
**Yeast form - single cells, 10 to 12 micrometres in diameter, gram positive.<ref>[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-3.htm http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-3.htm]</ref>  
**Yeast form - single cells, 10 to 12 micrometres in diameter, gram positive.<ref>[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-3.htm http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-3.htm]</ref>  
*Stains: PAS, methenamine silver.
 
*Images:
*Images:
**[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/candi4.jpg Candida (pseudohyphae) - methenamine silver (med.sc.edu)].
**[http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/candi4.jpg Candida (pseudohyphae) - methenamine silver (med.sc.edu)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Candida_pap_1.jpg Candida on Pap test (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Candida_pap_1.jpg Candida on Pap test (WC)].
===Stains===
Features:
*PAS +ve.
*Methenamine silver +ve.


==Blastomycosis==
==Blastomycosis==
===General===
*Usually ''Blastomyces dermatitidis'' - fungus.
*Usually ''Blastomyces dermatitidis'' - fungus.
*May be in the oral cavity.<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  
*May be in the oral cavity.<ref name=Ref_WMSP3>{{Ref WMSP|3}}</ref>  
*Histology = '''B'''road-based budding yeast -- is '''B'''lastomyces.<ref name=pmid12375640>PMID 12375640</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*'''B'''road-based budding yeast -- is '''B'''lastomyces.<ref name=pmid12375640>PMID 12375640</ref>
**The interface between two separating fungi, i.e. fungi in the process of reproducing, is very large.
**The interface between two separating fungi, i.e. fungi in the process of reproducing, is very large.
*Images:
 
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blastomycosis_cropped.JPG Blastomycosis (wikimedia.org)].
Images:
**[http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/blastomycosis.jpg Blastomycosis - budding (pathguy.com)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blastomycosis_cropped.JPG Blastomycosis (wikimedia.org)].
**[http://www.lahey.org/Medical/InfectiousDiseases/ID_Blastomycosis.asp Blastomycosis - with broad budding (lahey.org)].
*[http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/blastomycosis.jpg Blastomycosis - budding (pathguy.com)].
*[http://www.lahey.org/Medical/InfectiousDiseases/ID_Blastomycosis.asp Blastomycosis - with broad budding (lahey.org)].


==Mucormycosis==
==Mucormycosis==
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*Causative organism: Mucorales.
*Causative organism: Mucorales.
**Kingdom: Fungi.
**Kingdom: Fungi.
**AKA ''Zygomycota'' (zygomycosis).
**[[AKA]] ''Zygomycota'' (zygomycosis).
*Assoc. with diabetes, immunodeficiency.
*Assoc. with [[diabetes]], immunodeficiency.


===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
Michael
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