Difference between revisions of "Prostate-specific antigen"
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===Serum PSA=== | ===Serum PSA=== | ||
*Normal - typically < 4.0 ng/mL. | *Normal - typically <= 4.0 ng/mL. | ||
*Increases with age.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity |journal=Urology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12350489 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **[[Sensitivity]]: 82% (whites), 90% (blacks).<ref name=pmid8998182>{{Cite journal | last1 = Henderson | first1 = RJ. | last2 = Eastham | first2 = JA. | last3 = Culkin | first3 = DJ. | last4 = Kattan | first4 = MW. | last5 = Whatley | first5 = T. | last6 = Mata | first6 = J. | last7 = Venable | first7 = D. | last8 = Sartor | first8 = O. | title = Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density: racial differences in men without prostate cancer. | journal = J Natl Cancer Inst | volume = 89 | issue = 2 | pages = 134-8 | month = Jan | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 8998182 }} | ||
</ref> | |||
**[[Specificity]]: 52% (whites), 38% (blacks).).<ref name=pmid8998182/> | |||
*Increases with age.<ref name=pmid12350489>{{cite journal |author=Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity |journal=Urology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12350489 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Prostate specific antigen density=== | ===Prostate specific antigen density=== | ||
Revision as of 14:35, 18 September 2014
Prostate specific antigen, abbreviated PSA, is marker that is quite specific for the prostate.
General
- Quantity in the serum used to screen for prostate cancer.
- PSA immunostain useful for classifying a carcinoma as prostate carcinoma.
Serum PSA
- Normal - typically <= 4.0 ng/mL.
- Sensitivity: 82% (whites), 90% (blacks).[1]
- Specificity: 52% (whites), 38% (blacks).).[1]
- Increases with age.[2]
Prostate specific antigen density
- Abbreviated PSAD.
Better predictor than (unadjusted) serum PSA for:
- Gleason score upgrading on prostatectomy.[3]
- Benign prostate gland versus prostate cancer.[4][5]
A forumla for PSAD
Benson et al.:[4]
Where:
- .[6]
- H, W, L are the height, width and length.
An alternate estimation of the volume is:
- .
- D1, D2, D3 are the major axes.
Note:
- The volume of an ellipsoid is:
- .
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Henderson, RJ.; Eastham, JA.; Culkin, DJ.; Kattan, MW.; Whatley, T.; Mata, J.; Venable, D.; Sartor, O. (Jan 1997). "Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density: racial differences in men without prostate cancer.". J Natl Cancer Inst 89 (2): 134-8. PMID 8998182.
- ↑ Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, et al. (September 2002). "Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity". Urology 60 (3): 475–9. PMID 12350489.
- ↑ Sfoungaristos S, Katafigiotis I, Perimenis P (2013). "The role of PSA density to predict a pathological tumour upgrade between needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy for low risk clinical prostate cancer in the modified Gleason system era". Can Urol Assoc J 7 (11-12): E722–7. doi:10.5489/cuaj.374. PMC 3840515. PMID 24282465. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840515/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Benson MC, Whang IS, Pantuck A, et al. (March 1992). "Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer". J. Urol. 147 (3 Pt 2): 815–6. PMID 1371554.
- ↑ Verma A, St Onge J, Dhillon K, Chorneyko A (June 2014). "PSA density improves prediction of prostate cancer". Can J Urol 21 (3): 7312–21. PMID 24978363.
- ↑ Eri, LM.; Thomassen, H.; Brennhovd, B.; Håheim, LL. (2002). "Accuracy and repeatability of prostate volume measurements by transrectal ultrasound.". Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 5 (4): 273-8. doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500568. PMID 12627211.