Difference between revisions of "Emphysema"

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#redirect [[Medical_lung_diseases#Emphysema]]
'''Emphysema''' is a common [[medical lung diseases|medical lung disease]] strongly associated with [[smoking]].


:''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease'', abbreviated ''COPD'', redirects here.
==General==
*Usually due to [[smoking]].
*Often lumped together with ''[[chronic bronchitis]]'' and called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_386>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref>
Causes of emphysema other than smoking:<ref name=pmid12546267>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lee | first1 = P. | last2 = Gildea | first2 = TR. | last3 = Stoller | first3 = JK. | title = Emphysema in nonsmokers: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and other causes. | journal = Cleve Clin J Med | volume = 69 | issue = 12 | pages = 928-9, 933, 936 passim | month = Dec | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12546267 | URL = http://www.ccjm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12546267 }}</ref>
*[[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]]
*[[Connective tissue diseases]].
**[[Marfan syndrome]].
**[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]].
*[[IVDU]].
*[[HIV]].
===Pathologic classification===
Based on morphology:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_368>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref>
#Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema - associated with heavy smoking.
#Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema - associated with [[alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]].
#Distal (paraseptal) acinar emphysema - associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.
#Irregular emphysema - usu. insignificant.
*Q. Why does smoking lead to centriacinar emphysema?
*A. The bad stuff from smoking gets enters the acinus at the centre; ergo, this is the location of the most damage.
==Gross==
*Holes (blebs, bullae), usually upper lung field predominant.
*Lungs may overlap the heart.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_369>{{Ref PCPBoD8|369}}</ref>
Notes:
*Bleb = (small) [[vesicle]].<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref>
*Bulla = large vesicle.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref>
==Microscopic==
Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_369>{{Ref PCPBoD8|369}}</ref>
*Large alveoli.
*Thin septa (no interstitial thickening).
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:Emphysema_low_mag.jpg | Emphysema. (WC)
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Medical lung diseases]].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Medical lung diseases]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/wiki/Emphysema"