Difference between revisions of "Intrauterine growth restriction"
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'''Intrauterine growth restriction''', abbreviated '''IUGR''', is a common problem in obstetrics characterized by a small fetus. ''IUGR'' often shows up on requisitions for [[placenta]]s. | '''Intrauterine growth restriction''', abbreviated '''IUGR''', is a common problem in obstetrics characterized by a small fetus. ''IUGR'' often shows up on requisitions for [[placenta]]s. | ||
Generally, it is subdivided into: | ==Classification== | ||
Generally, it is subdivided into:<ref name=pmid18641412>{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = DJ. | last2 = Post | first2 = MD. | title = The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 61 | issue = 12 | pages = 1254-60 | month = Dec | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1136/jcp.2008.055236 | PMID = 18641412 }} | |||
</ref> | |||
#Symmetric IUGR. | #Symmetric IUGR. | ||
#* | #*Head in proportion to body. | ||
#Asymmetric IUGR. | #Asymmetric IUGR. | ||
#* | #*Head large in proportion to body - due to decreased abdominal growth. | ||
==IUGR not otherwise specified== | ===Symmetric IUGR=== | ||
Features:<ref name=pmid18641412/> | |||
*Not associated with placental abnormalities - other than small mass. | |||
*Early event, i.e. early in gestation. | |||
Etiology: | |||
*Chromosomal anomalies, others. | |||
===Asymmetric IUGR=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid18641412/> | |||
*Often associated with placental abnormalities. | |||
Etiology: | |||
*Usu. abnormal vascular development of the placenta resulting in ischemia. | |||
==Various papers on IUGR and placental pathology== | |||
===Histopathology/frequency in IUGR=== | |||
Finding/frequency:<ref name=pmid18641412/> | |||
*[[Chorangiosis]] ~ 39%. | |||
*Ischemia ~ 18%. | |||
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]] ~ 13%. | |||
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]] ~ 8%. | |||
===IUGR not otherwise specified=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid15025340>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mardi | first1 = K. | last2 = Sharma | first2 = J. | title = Histopathological evaluation of placentas in IUGR pregnancies. | journal = Indian J Pathol Microbiol | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 551-4 | month = Oct | year = 2003 | doi = | PMID = 15025340 }}</ref> | Features:<ref name=pmid15025340>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mardi | first1 = K. | last2 = Sharma | first2 = J. | title = Histopathological evaluation of placentas in IUGR pregnancies. | journal = Indian J Pathol Microbiol | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 551-4 | month = Oct | year = 2003 | doi = | PMID = 15025340 }}</ref> | ||
*Low mass placenta. | *Low mass placenta. | ||
| Line 14: | Line 39: | ||
*Increased syncytial knots. | *Increased syncytial knots. | ||
==Idiopathic IUGR== | ===Idiopathic IUGR=== | ||
Not associated with placental abnormalities.<ref name=pmid>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tomas | first1 = SZ. | last2 = Roje | first2 = D. | last3 = Prusac | first3 = IK. | last4 = Tadin | first4 = I. | last5 = Capkun | first5 = V. | title = Morphological characteristics of placentas associated with idiopathic intrauterine growth retardation: a clinicopathologic study. | journal = Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 39-43 | month = Sep | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.006 | PMID = 20627398 }}</ref> | Not associated with placental abnormalities.<ref name=pmid>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tomas | first1 = SZ. | last2 = Roje | first2 = D. | last3 = Prusac | first3 = IK. | last4 = Tadin | first4 = I. | last5 = Capkun | first5 = V. | title = Morphological characteristics of placentas associated with idiopathic intrauterine growth retardation: a clinicopathologic study. | journal = Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 39-43 | month = Sep | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.006 | PMID = 20627398 }}</ref> | ||