Difference between revisions of "Parathyroid glands"

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=Specific entities=
=Specific entities=
==Parathyroid hyperplasia==
==Parathyroid hyperplasia==
===General===
{{Main|Parathyroid hyperplasia}}
*Chief cell hyperplasia - associated with MEN 1, MEN 2A.<ref>URL: [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970475-2 http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970475-2]. Accessed on: 29 July 2010.</ref>
*Parathyroid hyperplasia - classically assoc. with renal failure.
 
===Gross===
*Classically all parathyroid glands are involved; however, some may be spared making it difficult to differentiate this from parathyroid adenoma.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1128>{{Ref PBoD8|1128}}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_1128>{{Ref PBoD8|1128}}</ref>
*Classically have abundant adipose tissue.
*+/-Water-clear cells ("water-clear cell hyperplasia").
 
Note:
*Generally, it is impossible to discern between [[parathyroid adenoma]]s and [[parathyroid hyperplasia]]s by histology alone.<ref name=Ref_BITFS191>{{Ref BITFS|191}}</ref>
**One requires information of the size of the other glands to make the diagnosis.
 
DDx:
*[[Parathyroid adenoma]] - classically have a rim of normal parathyroid gland around it.
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
A. Right Superior Parathyroid, Excision:
- Parathyroid tissue compatible with hyperplasia.
 
B. Right Inferior Parathyroid, Excision:
- Parathyroid tissue compatible with hyperplasia.
 
C. Portion of Left Inferior Parathyroid, Excision:
- Parathyroid tissue compatible with hyperplasia.
 
D. Left Superior Parathyroid, Excision:
- Parathyroid tissue compatible with hyperplasia.
</pre>


==Parathyroid adenoma==
==Parathyroid adenoma==
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