Difference between revisions of "Robbins and Cotran 9th Edition Questions"

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{{hidden|What is the "multidrug resistance (MDR) protein"?|[[A type of transporter ATPases which pumps polar compounds (e.g. chemo drugs) out of cells which may render cancer cells resistant to treatment.]]}}

{{hidden|What are the two fundamental mechanisms of fluid or macromolecules by the cell (endocytosis)?|[[1)Caveolae -invaginations of the plasma membrane, 2) Pinocytosis/receptor mediated endocytosis - macromolecules bind to receptor and membranes invaginate around it.]]}}

{{hidden|What is exocytosis?|[[It is the opposite process of pinocytosis, where the receptor bound macromolecule is move to the cell surface and released.]]}}

{{hidden|Describe the difference between phagocytosis and transcytosis.|[[In phagocytosis microbes are ingested forming phagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes and become phagylosomes, releasing undigested residual material when fusing again with the external membrane, in contrast transcytosis the materials are carried across the cell membrane unaltered.]]}}

{{hidden|List the three major classes of 3 cytoskeleton proteins.|[[1) Actin, 2)Intermediate filaments, 3)Microtubules]]}}

{{hidden|Describe actin.|[[Actin - 5 to 9nm diam fibrils, G-actin polymerized into F-actin, the form double strands helices, which interact with myosin (filamentous protein).]]}}

{{hidden|List the various intermediate filaments, which are 10nm in diameter.|[[1) Lamin A, B, and C (nuclear lamins of all cells, 2) Vimentin (mesenchymal), 3)Desmin (scaffold for actin/myosin), 4) Neurofilaments (axons of neurons), 5) Glial filament protein (glial cells), 6)Cytokeratins (acid and basic and vary based on cell type). ]]}}

{{hidden|Describe microtubules.|[[ Microtubules are 25nm diam fibrils of dimers of a and b tubulin, with a negative end embedded in the centrosome near the nucleus, the + end grows or shrinks as needed. There are kinesins and dyneins motors that move stuff around the cell, also found in cilia and flagella.]]}}

{{hidden|What is clatharin?|[[A molecule found in the cell membrane that when the cell membrane invaginates forming a basket like structure.]]}}

{{hidden|List and describe the 3 main classifications of cell junctions.|[[1) Tight /occluding junctions - form a high resistance barrier to solute movement, and allows the cell to maintain polarity, 2) anchoring junctions / desmosomes - mechanically attach the cell and their cytoskeleton to other cells and the ECM (hemidesmosome), 3)communicating/gap junctions - mediate the passage of chemical or electrical signals from one cell to another.]]}}

{{hidden|

== Chapter 2 ==

Difference between revisions of "Robbins and Cotran 9th Edition Questions"

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@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 {{hidden|What is the "multidrug resistance (MDR) protein"?|[[A type of transporter ATPases which pumps polar compounds (e.g. chemo drugs) out of cells which may render cancer cells resistant to treatment.]]}}
+{{hidden|What are the two fundamental mechanisms of fluid or macromolecules by the cell (endocytosis)?|[[1)Caveolae -invaginations of the plasma membrane, 2) Pinocytosis/receptor mediated endocytosis - macromolecules bind to receptor  and membranes invaginate around it.]]}}
+{{hidden|What is exocytosis?|[[It is the opposite process of pinocytosis, where the receptor bound macromolecule is move to the cell surface and released.]]}}
+{{hidden|Describe the difference between phagocytosis and transcytosis.|[[In phagocytosis microbes are ingested forming phagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes and become phagylosomes, releasing undigested residual material when fusing again with the external membrane, in contrast transcytosis the materials are carried across the cell membrane unaltered.]]}}
+{{hidden|List the three major classes of 3 cytoskeleton proteins.|[[1) Actin, 2)Intermediate filaments, 3)Microtubules]]}}
+{{hidden|Describe actin.|[[Actin - 5 to 9nm diam fibrils, G-actin polymerized into F-actin, the form double strands helices, which interact with myosin (filamentous protein).]]}}
+{{hidden|List the various intermediate filaments, which are 10nm in diameter.|[[1) Lamin A, B, and C (nuclear lamins of all cells, 2) Vimentin (mesenchymal), 3)Desmin (scaffold for actin/myosin), 4) Neurofilaments (axons of neurons), 5) Glial filament protein (glial cells), 6)Cytokeratins (acid and basic and vary based on cell type). ]]}}
+{{hidden|Describe microtubules.|[[ Microtubules are 25nm diam fibrils of dimers of a and b tubulin, with a negative end embedded in the centrosome near the nucleus, the + end grows or shrinks as needed. There are kinesins and dyneins motors that move stuff around the cell, also found in cilia and flagella.]]}}
+{{hidden|What is clatharin?|[[A molecule found in the cell membrane that when the cell membrane invaginates forming a basket like structure.]]}}
+{{hidden|List and describe the 3 main classifications of cell junctions.|[[1) Tight /occluding junctions - form a high resistance barrier to solute movement, and allows the cell to maintain polarity, 2) anchoring junctions / desmosomes - mechanically attach the cell and their cytoskeleton to other cells and the ECM (hemidesmosome), 3)communicating/gap junctions - mediate the passage of chemical or electrical signals from one cell to another.]]}}
+{{hidden|
 == Chapter 2 ==