Difference between revisions of "Chondro-osseous tumours"
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*Usually younger than 20 years. | *Usually younger than 20 years. | ||
===Radiology=== | ====Radiology==== | ||
Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP650>{{Ref WMSP|650}}</ref> | Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP650>{{Ref WMSP|650}}</ref> | ||
*Long bones, diaphyses. | *Long bones, diaphyses. | ||
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===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features:<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref> | Features:<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref> | ||
*Scant clear cytoplasm (contain glycogen - PAS +ve, PAS-D -ve). | *Scant clear cytoplasm (contain glycogen - PAS +ve, PAS-D -ve). | ||
*Lack nucleoli. | *Lack nucleoli. | ||
*Round small nucleus. | *Round small nucleus. | ||
Notes: | |||
*It is a [[small blue cell tumour]]. | |||
===[[IHC]]=== | ===[[IHC]]=== | ||
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*CD99 +ve (plasma membrane staining). | *CD99 +ve (plasma membrane staining). | ||
*CD45 -ve. | *CD45 -ve. | ||
**Done to r/o lymphoma. | **Done to r/o [[lymphoma]]. | ||
*+/-Neural markers (NSE, synaptophysin, CD57 (??? CD56 ???), S100). | *+/-Neural markers (NSE, synaptophysin, CD57 (??? CD56 ???), S100). | ||
*+/-Cytokeratins. | *+/-Cytokeratins. | ||
*Caveolin-1<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref> | *Caveolin-1.<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref> | ||
**New kid on the block. | **New kid on the block. | ||
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*Terry Fox was afflicited by this tumour. | *Terry Fox was afflicited by this tumour. | ||
===Definition=== | ====Definition==== | ||
*Tumour that makes osteoid. | *Tumour that makes osteoid. | ||
**Osteoid = (extracellular) organic component of bone, normally produced by osteoblasts (cells which make bone matrix). | **Osteoid = (extracellular) organic component of bone, normally produced by osteoblasts (cells which make bone matrix). | ||
=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | |||
*Spindle cells with malignant features (e.g. nuclear membrane irregularies, marked nuclear size differences, mitoses) surrounded by delicate strands of osteoid. | *Spindle cells with malignant features (e.g. nuclear membrane irregularies, marked nuclear size differences, mitoses) surrounded by delicate strands of osteoid. | ||
**Osteoid on H&E: pink, homogenous, "glassy". | **Osteoid on H&E: pink, homogenous, "glassy". | ||
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===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Fibrous | *Biphasic tumour: | ||
*#Fibrous/spindle cell component. | |||
*#Epithelial component. | |||
Images: | Images: | ||
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===Hypercalcemia DDx=== | ===Hypercalcemia DDx=== | ||
Mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref>TN06 Emerg</ref> | Mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref>TN06 Emerg.</ref> | ||
*Granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, [[sarcoidosis]]). | *Granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, [[sarcoidosis]]). | ||
*Renal disease. | *Renal disease. | ||
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===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Benign bone lesion. | *Benign bone lesion. | ||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Rimming of osteoblasts. | |||
**Cells line-up at edge of bone. | |||
Image: | Image: | ||