Difference between revisions of "Testis"

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**You don't see the tail on light microscopy.
**You don't see the tail on light microscopy.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg Seminiferous tubule and sperm - low mag. (WC/Nephron)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm.jpg Seminiferous tubule and sperm - high mag. (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg | Seminiferous tubule and sperm - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg Benign seminiferous tubules and ITGCN (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm.jpg | Seminiferous tubule and sperm - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Benign seminiferous tubules and ITGCN. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
===Interstitial===
===Interstitial===
*Leydig cell ([[AKA]] interstitial cell).
*Leydig cell ([[AKA]] interstitial cell).
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*[[Blood vessel]]s.
*[[Blood vessel]]s.


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leydig_cells_-_very_high_mag.jpg Leydig cells - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Leydig_cells_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Leydig cells - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
===Associated structures===
===Associated structures===
*Epididymis - stores the sperm.
*Epididymis - stores the sperm.
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*Delicate anastomosing channels lined by cuboid epithelium.
*Delicate anastomosing channels lined by cuboid epithelium.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rete_testis_high_mag.jpg Rete testis (WC/Nephron)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rete_testis_with_seminoma.jpg Seminoma in the rete testis (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Rete_testis_high_mag.jpg | Rete testis (WC/Nephron)
*[Image:Rete_testis_with_seminoma.jpg | Seminoma in the rete testis (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=5 Rete testis (webpathology.com)].
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=5 Rete testis (webpathology.com)].


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| CD117
| CD117
| appearance similar to seminoma
| appearance similar to seminoma
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag.jpg], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg]
| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg|thumb|center|150px|ITGCN (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Seminoma]]
| [[Seminoma]]
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| D2-40
| D2-40
| Dysgerminoma = female version of this tumour
| Dysgerminoma = female version of this tumour
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminoma_high_mag.jpg], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminoma_intermed_mag.jpg]
| [[Image:Seminoma_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Seminoma (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Yolk sac tumour]] (endodermal sinus tumour)
| [[Yolk sac tumour]] (endodermal sinus tumour)
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| CD30
| CD30
| usu. part of a mixed GCT  
| usu. part of a mixed GCT  
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Embryonal_carcinoma_intermed_mag.jpg], [http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=33&n=1], [http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=4&Case=37]
| [[Image:Embryonal_carcinoma_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Embryonal carcinoma (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Choriocarcinoma]]
| [[Choriocarcinoma]]
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| None
| None
| testicular teratomas in post-pubertal males are all considered malignant<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Carver | first1 = BS. | last2 = Al-Ahmadie | first2 = H. | last3 = Sheinfeld | first3 = J. | title = Adult and pediatric testicular teratoma. | journal = Urol Clin North Am | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 245-51; abstract x | month = May | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1016/j.ucl.2007.02.013 | PMID = 17484929 }}</ref>
| testicular teratomas in post-pubertal males are all considered malignant<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Carver | first1 = BS. | last2 = Al-Ahmadie | first2 = H. | last3 = Sheinfeld | first3 = J. | title = Adult and pediatric testicular teratoma. | journal = Urol Clin North Am | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 245-51; abstract x | month = May | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1016/j.ucl.2007.02.013 | PMID = 17484929 }}</ref>
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Primitive_neuroepithelium_intermed_mag.jpg]
| [[Image:Primitive_neuroepithelium_intermed_mag.jpg|thumb|center|Primitive neuroepithelium (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Spermatocytic seminoma]]
| [[Spermatocytic seminoma]]
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| ?
| ?
| does not arise from ITGCN, no lymphocytic infiltrate (like in seminoma)
| does not arise from ITGCN, no lymphocytic infiltrate (like in seminoma)
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg]
| [[Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Spermatocytic seminoma (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Mixed germ cell tumour]]
| [[Mixed germ cell tumour]]
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| MART-1, calretinin, inhibin
| MART-1, calretinin, inhibin
| +/-Reinke crystals (cylindrical crystalloid eosinophilic cytoplasmic bodies)
| +/-Reinke crystals (cylindrical crystalloid eosinophilic cytoplasmic bodies)
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leydig_cell_tumour2.jpg]
| [[Image:Leydig_cell_tumour2.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Leydig cell tumour (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Sertoli cell tumour]]
| [[Sertoli cell tumour]]
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| ?
| ?
| usu. no significant nuclear atypia, no mitoses  
| usu. no significant nuclear atypia, no mitoses  
| [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sertoli_cell_tumour_low_mag.jpg]
| [[Image:Sertoli_cell_tumour_low_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Sertoli cell tumour (WC)]]
|}
|}


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*[[Hydrocele testis]] - do not contain sperm.
*[[Hydrocele testis]] - do not contain sperm.


Images:
====Images====
*www:
<gallery>
**[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=4&Case=40 Spermatocele - low mag. (webpathology.com)].
Image:Spermatocele_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Spermatocele - intermed. mag. (WC)
**[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=5&Case=40 Spermatocele - high mag. (webpathology.com)].
Image:Spermatocele_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Spermatocele - very high mag. (WC)
*[[WC]]:
</gallery>
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spermatocele_-_intermed_mag.jpg Spermatocele - intermed. mag. (WC)].
www:
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spermatocele_-_very_high_mag.jpg Spermatocele - very high mag. (WC)].
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=4&Case=40 Spermatocele - low mag. (webpathology.com)].
 
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=5&Case=40 Spermatocele - high mag. (webpathology.com)].
==Hydrocele testis==
==Hydrocele testis==
*[[AKA]] ''hydrocele''.
*[[AKA]] ''hydrocele''.
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*Sertoli cell-only syndrome - Sertoli cells also have nucleoli, wind swept appearance.<ref>URL: [http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=3&Case=28 http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=3&Case=28]. Accessed on: 25 March 2013.</ref>
*Sertoli cell-only syndrome - Sertoli cells also have nucleoli, wind swept appearance.<ref>URL: [http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=3&Case=28 http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=3&Case=28]. Accessed on: 25 March 2013.</ref>


Images:
====Images====
*[[WC]]:
<gallery>
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg Benign seminiferous tubules and ITGCN (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg Benign seminiferous tubules and ITGCN. (WC/Nephron)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg ITGCN - cropped (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg ITGCN - cropped. (WC/Nephron)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag.jpg ITGCN (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag.jpg ITGCN. (WC/Nephron)
*www:
</gallery>
**[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=30&n=1 ITGCN (webpathology.com)].
www:
**[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/pinnacle/journals/content/arpa/2002/15432165-126.4/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0487%3Aiec%3E2.0.co%3B2/production/images/large/i1543-2165-126-4-487-f01.jpeg Intratubular embryonal carcinoma (archivesofpathology.org)].<ref name=pmid11900581/>
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=30&n=1 ITGCN (webpathology.com)].
*[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/pinnacle/journals/content/arpa/2002/15432165-126.4/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0487%3Aiec%3E2.0.co%3B2/production/images/large/i1543-2165-126-4-487-f01.jpeg Intratubular embryonal carcinoma (archivesofpathology.org)].<ref name=pmid11900581/>


===IHC===
===IHC===
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*Granulomatous orchitis - if [[granuloma]]s are present.
*Granulomatous orchitis - if [[granuloma]]s are present.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminoma_high_mag.jpg Seminoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminoma_intermed_mag.jpg Seminoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Seminoma_high_mag.jpg |Seminoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rete_testis_with_seminoma.jpg Seminoma in the rete testis (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Seminoma_intermed_mag.jpg |Seminoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminoma_with_syncytiotrophoblasts_-_intermed_mag.jpg Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Rete_testis_with_seminoma.jpg |Seminoma in the rete testis (WC/Nephron)
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminoma_with_syncytiotrophoblasts_-_very_high_mag.jpg Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Seminoma_with_syncytiotrophoblasts_-_intermed_mag.jpg |Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Seminoma_with_syncytiotrophoblasts_-_very_high_mag.jpg |Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
===IHC===
===IHC===
*D2-40 +ve ~100% of cases.<ref name=pmid17277761>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lau | first1 = SK. | last2 = Weiss | first2 = LM. | last3 = Chu | first3 = PG. | title = D2-40 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study with KIT (CD117) and CD30. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 320-5 | month = Mar | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3800749 | PMID = 17277761 }}</ref>
*D2-40 +ve ~100% of cases.<ref name=pmid17277761>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lau | first1 = SK. | last2 = Weiss | first2 = LM. | last3 = Chu | first3 = PG. | title = D2-40 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study with KIT (CD117) and CD30. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 320-5 | month = Mar | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3800749 | PMID = 17277761 }}</ref>
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*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Seminoma]].


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg Spermatocytic seminoma - high mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spermatocytic_seminoma_intermed_mag.jpg Spermatocytic seminoma - intermed. mag. (WC)].
Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg | Spermatocytic seminoma - high mag. (WC)
 
Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_intermed_mag.jpg | Spermatocytic seminoma - intermed. mag. (WC)
</gallery>
===IHC===
===IHC===
Features:<ref name=pmid10223302>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kraggerud | first1 = SM. | last2 = Berner | first2 = A. | last3 = Bryne | first3 = M. | last4 = Pettersen | first4 = EO. | last5 = Fossa | first5 = SD. | title = Spermatocytic seminoma as compared to classical seminoma: an immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric study. | journal = APMIS | volume = 107 | issue = 3 | pages = 297-302 | month = Mar | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10223302 }}</ref>
Features:<ref name=pmid10223302>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kraggerud | first1 = SM. | last2 = Berner | first2 = A. | last3 = Bryne | first3 = M. | last4 = Pettersen | first4 = EO. | last5 = Fossa | first5 = SD. | title = Spermatocytic seminoma as compared to classical seminoma: an immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric study. | journal = APMIS | volume = 107 | issue = 3 | pages = 297-302 | month = Mar | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10223302 }}</ref>
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*[[Pregnancy luteoma]] - occurs during pregnancy, as the name implies.
*[[Pregnancy luteoma]] - occurs during pregnancy, as the name implies.


Images:
====Images====
*[[WC]]:
<gallery>
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leydig_cell_tumour1.jpg Leydig cell tumour - low mag. (WC)].
Image:Leydig_cell_tumour1.jpg |Leydig cell tumour - low mag. (WC)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leydig_cell_tumour2.jpg Leydig cell tumour - intermed. mag. (WC)].
Image:Leydig_cell_tumour2.jpg |Leydig cell tumour - intermed. mag. (WC)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leydig_cell_tumour3.jpg Leydig cell tumour - high mag. (WC)].
Image:Leydig_cell_tumour3.jpg |Leydig cell tumour - high mag. (WC)
*www:
</gallery>
**[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case404.html Leydig cell tumour - several images (upmc.edu)].
www:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case404.html Leydig cell tumour - several images (upmc.edu)].


===IHC===
===IHC===
Line 594: Line 603:
*[[Gonadoblastoma]].
*[[Gonadoblastoma]].


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sertoli_cell_nodule_high_mag.jpg Sertoli cell nodule - high mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sertoli_cell_nodule_low_mag.jpg Sertoli cell nodule - low mag. (WC)].
Image:Sertoli_cell_nodule_high_mag.jpg | Sertoli cell nodule - high mag. (WC)
 
Image:Sertoli_cell_nodule_low_mag.jpg | Sertoli cell nodule - low mag. (WC)
</gallery>
===IHC===
===IHC===
Features:<ref name=pmid21107095/>
Features:<ref name=pmid21107095/>
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==Sertoli cell tumour==
==Sertoli cell tumour==
===General===
===General===
*Arises from ''Sertoli cells'' ([[AKA]] nurse cells).
*Arises from ''Sertoli cells'' ([[AKA]] nurse cells).
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*[[Sertoli cell nodule]].
*[[Sertoli cell nodule]].


Images:
====Images====
*[[WC]]:
<gallery>
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sertoli_cell_tumour_high_mag.jpg Sertoli cell tumour - high mag. (WC)].
Image:Sertoli_cell_tumour_high_mag.jpg | Sertoli cell tumour - high mag. (WC)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sertoli_cell_tumour_low_mag.jpg Sertoli cell tumour - low mag. (WC)].
Image:Sertoli_cell_tumour_low_mag.jpg | Sertoli cell tumour - low mag. (WC)
*www:
</gallery>
**[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case275/micro.html Sertoli cell tumour with calcification in Carney complex - several images (upmc.edu)].
www:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case275/micro.html Sertoli cell tumour with calcification in Carney complex - several images (upmc.edu)].


===IHC===
===IHC===
Line 653: Line 663:
**Columnar cells with cigar-shaped nuclei.
**Columnar cells with cigar-shaped nuclei.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adenocarcinoma_of_the_rete_testis_-_intermed_mag.jpg Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adenocarcinoma_of_the_rete_testis_-_extra_-_high_mag.jpg Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Adenocarcinoma_of_the_rete_testis_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Adenocarcinoma_of_the_rete_testis_-_extra_-_high_mag.jpg | Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
=See also=
=See also=
*[[Genitourinary pathology]].
*[[Genitourinary pathology]].
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