Difference between revisions of "Prostate gland"
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**The prostate, at the apex, may have some skeletal muscle. Thus, it is difficult to define extention... ergo EPE not called at the apex. | **The prostate, at the apex, may have some skeletal muscle. Thus, it is difficult to define extention... ergo EPE not called at the apex. | ||
=== | ===Molecular changes in prostate cancer=== | ||
==== | A fusion gene between ''TMPRSS2'' and ''ERG'' is described.<ref name=pmid20478527>{{cite journal | author = Yu J, Yu J, Mani RS, Cao Q, Brenner CJ, Cao X, Wang X, Wu L, Li J, Hu M, Gong Y, Cheng H, Laxman B, Vellaichamy A, Shankar S, Li Y, Dhanasekaran SM, Morey R, Barrette T, Lonigro RJ, Tomlins SA, Varambally S, Qin ZS, Chinnaiyan AM | title = An Integrated Network of Androgen Receptor, Polycomb, and TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer Progression | journal = Cancer Cell | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 443–54 | year = 2010 | month = May | pmid = 20478527 | pmc = 2874722 | doi = 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.018 | url = }}</ref><ref name=omim602060>{{OMIM|602060}}</ref> | ||
Important elements:<ref name=pmid17213347/> | *Both genes are on chromosome 21. | ||
*Currently ''not'' used diagnostically. | |||
*Fusion gene seen in approximately 50% of prostate cancer.<ref name=omim602060>{{OMIM|602060}}</ref> | |||
*A subset of ''TMPRSS2-ERG'' known as ''2+Edel'' (seen in ~7% of all prostate cancer cases) predicts poor survival.<ref name=pmid17637754>{{Cite journal | last1 = Attard | first1 = G. | last2 = Clark | first2 = J. | last3 = Ambroisine | first3 = L. | last4 = Fisher | first4 = G. | last5 = Kovacs | first5 = G. | last6 = Flohr | first6 = P. | last7 = Berney | first7 = D. | last8 = Foster | first8 = CS. | last9 = Fletcher | first9 = A. | title = Duplication of the fusion of TMPRSS2 to ERG sequences identifies fatal human prostate cancer. | journal = Oncogene | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 253-63 | month = Jan | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1210640 | PMID = 17637754 }}</ref> | |||
===Sign out=== | |||
====Prostatectomy specimens==== | |||
See: [http://www.cap.org/apps/cap.portal?_nfpb=true&cntvwrPtlt_actionOverride=/portlets/contentViewer/show&_windowLabel=cntvwrPtlt&cntvwrPtlt{actionForm.contentReference}=committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/protocols_index.html&_pageLabel=cntvwr CAP checklist]. | |||
====Biopsy specimens==== | |||
Important elements - a list:<ref name=pmid17213347/> | |||
#Type of cancer, e.g. "prostatic adenocarcinoma, acinar type". | #Type of cancer, e.g. "prostatic adenocarcinoma, acinar type". | ||
#Gleason score including primary and secondary pattern, e.g. "Gleason score 3+4=7". | #Gleason score including primary and secondary pattern, e.g. "Gleason score 3+4=7". | ||
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*"Percent area involved" may seem like an odd thing to request 'cause it is sampling dependent, i.e. if the radiologist sticks the biopsy needle deeper into the lesion more of the core is positive, but urologists think it is important -- more important than perineural invasion.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rubin MA, Bismar TA, Curtis S, Montie JE |title=Prostate needle biopsy reporting: how are the surgical members of the Society of Urologic Oncology using pathology reports to guide treatment of prostate cancer patients? |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=946–52 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15223967 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *"Percent area involved" may seem like an odd thing to request 'cause it is sampling dependent, i.e. if the radiologist sticks the biopsy needle deeper into the lesion more of the core is positive, but urologists think it is important -- more important than perineural invasion.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rubin MA, Bismar TA, Curtis S, Montie JE |title=Prostate needle biopsy reporting: how are the surgical members of the Society of Urologic Oncology using pathology reports to guide treatment of prostate cancer patients? |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=946–52 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15223967 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
=====Completely negative===== | =====Completely negative===== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||