Difference between revisions of "Anaplastic large cell lymphoma"

From Libre Pathology
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(redirect for now)
 
m (additional features)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
#redirect [[Lymphoma#Anaplastic_large_cell_lymphoma]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Anaplastic_large_cell_lymphoma_-_cropped_-_very_high_mag.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. [[H&E stain]].
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, Hallmark cells ("horseshoe-shaped or donut-shaped nucleus + eosinophilic paranuclear region")
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], poorly differentiated [[carcinoma]]
| Stains    =
| IHC        = CD30 +ve, ALK-1 -ve/+ve, CD45 +ve, CD4 +ve, CD3 -ve/+ve, CD7 -ve/+ve, EMA +ve
| EM        =
| Molecular  = t(2,5)(p23;q35)
| IF        =
| Gross      =
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[skin]], [[lymph node]], other
| Assdx      =
| Syndromes  =
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence = uncommon
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = good to poor, dependent on ALK status and site
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    =
| Tx        =
}}
'''Anaplastic large cell lymphoma''', abbreviated '''ALCL''', is an uncommon large cell [[lymphoma]].
 
==General==
*May look a lot like a carcinoma.
**Often subcapsular in LNs.
*Usually T-cell derived.
*May be isolated to the [[skin]] - good prognosis.
 
Subtypes:
* Systemic ALCL.
* Cutaneous ALCL -- ALK -ve.
 
ALK IHC - systemic form:
* +ve = good prognosis (generally a disease of children, teenagers and young adults)
* -ve = bad prognosis
 
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm.
*Usually appear cohesive.
*May be subcapsular in a [[lymph node]] and mimic a carcinoma.
*''Hallmark cells'' = "horseshoe-shaped or [[donut cell|donut-shaped nucleus]] + eosinophilic paranuclear region"<ref name=pmid17941004>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rapkiewicz | first1 = A. | last2 = Wen | first2 = H. | last3 = Sen | first3 = F. | last4 = Das | first4 = K. | title = Cytomorphologic examination of anaplastic large cell lymphoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology. | journal = Cancer | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 499-507 | month = Dec | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/cncr.23120 | PMID = 17941004 | url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.23120/full}}</ref><ref name=pmid12419758>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ponzoni | first1 = M. | last2 = Terreni | first2 = MR. | last3 = Ciceri | first3 = F. | last4 = Ferreri | first4 = AJ. | last5 = Gerevini | first5 = S. | last6 = Anzalone | first6 = N. | last7 = Valle | first7 = M. | last8 = Pizzolito | first8 = S. | last9 = Arrigoni | first9 = G. | title = Primary brain CD30+ ALK1+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma ('ALKoma'): the first case with a combination of 'not common' variants. | journal = Ann Oncol | volume = 13 | issue = 11 | pages = 1827-32 | month = Nov | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12419758 }}</ref> - '''key feature'''.
**The donut-shaped version is also known as a "wreath cell"<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Amin | first1 = HM. | last2 = Lai | first2 = R. | title = Pathobiology of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. | journal = Blood | volume = 110 | issue = 7 | pages = 2259-67 | month = Oct | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2007-04-060715 | PMID = 17519389 | url=http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/110/7/2259.full.html}}</ref> - large (multi-nucleated) cells with (morphologically) one toroidal-shaped nucleus.
*ALK+ ALCL includes variants without the classical hallmark cells, e.g. small cell variant and lymphohistiocytic variant
 
DDx:
*[[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]
*Anaplastic variants of other haematolymphoid malignancies, e.g. DLBCL or myeloma
*Carcinoma
*Melanoma
 
===Images===
<gallery>
Image: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma - high mag.jpg | ALCL - high mag. (WC)
Image:Anaplastic_large_cell_lymphoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | ALCL - very high mag. (WC)
Image:Anaplastic_large_cell_lymphoma_-_cropped_-_very_high_mag.jpg | ALCL - cropped - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case363.html ALCL - several images (upmc.edu)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case557.html Small cell variant of ALCL - several images (upmc.edu)].
 
==IHC==
Features:
*CD30 +ve (usually strong and diffuse)
*ALK-1 -ve/+ve; strongly supports ALCL Dx if +ve.
*CD45 +ve.
*CD4 +ve.
*CD3 -ve/+ve.
*CD7 -ve/+ve.
*EMA +ve.
*Cytotoxic markers (e.g. TIA, perforin)
 
==Molecular==
*In ALK+ ALCL, there is commonly an ALK1 rearrangement.
**This may be ALK::NPM1, i.e. t(2,5)(p23;q35)<ref name=pmid8547653>{{cite journal |author=Lamant L, Meggetto F, al Saati T, ''et al.'' |title=High incidence of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and its lack of detection in Hodgkin's disease. Comparison of cytogenetic analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and P-80 immunostaining |journal=Blood |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=284–91 |year=1996 |month=January |pmid=8547653 |doi= |url=}}</ref> - combined nuclear and cytoplasmic ALK staining is a surrogate for this translocation.
*Other non-NPM1 partners may occur. A ALK1 break-apart probe will detect these.
 
==See also==
*[[Lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Lymphoma]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]

Latest revision as of 19:00, 29 September 2023

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Diagnosis in short

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. H&E stain.
LM large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, Hallmark cells ("horseshoe-shaped or donut-shaped nucleus + eosinophilic paranuclear region")
LM DDx Hodgkin's lymphoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma
IHC CD30 +ve, ALK-1 -ve/+ve, CD45 +ve, CD4 +ve, CD3 -ve/+ve, CD7 -ve/+ve, EMA +ve
Molecular t(2,5)(p23;q35)
Site skin, lymph node, other
Prevalence uncommon
Prognosis good to poor, dependent on ALK status and site

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, abbreviated ALCL, is an uncommon large cell lymphoma.

General

  • May look a lot like a carcinoma.
    • Often subcapsular in LNs.
  • Usually T-cell derived.
  • May be isolated to the skin - good prognosis.

Subtypes:

  • Systemic ALCL.
  • Cutaneous ALCL -- ALK -ve.

ALK IHC - systemic form:

  • +ve = good prognosis (generally a disease of children, teenagers and young adults)
  • -ve = bad prognosis

Microscopic

Features:

  • Large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm.
  • Usually appear cohesive.
  • May be subcapsular in a lymph node and mimic a carcinoma.
  • Hallmark cells = "horseshoe-shaped or donut-shaped nucleus + eosinophilic paranuclear region"[1][2] - key feature.
    • The donut-shaped version is also known as a "wreath cell"[3] - large (multi-nucleated) cells with (morphologically) one toroidal-shaped nucleus.
  • ALK+ ALCL includes variants without the classical hallmark cells, e.g. small cell variant and lymphohistiocytic variant

DDx:

  • Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • Anaplastic variants of other haematolymphoid malignancies, e.g. DLBCL or myeloma
  • Carcinoma
  • Melanoma

Images

  • ALCL - high mag. (WC)

  • ALCL - very high mag. (WC)

  • ALCL - cropped - very high mag. (WC)

www:

IHC

Features:

  • CD30 +ve (usually strong and diffuse)
  • ALK-1 -ve/+ve; strongly supports ALCL Dx if +ve.
  • CD45 +ve.
  • CD4 +ve.
  • CD3 -ve/+ve.
  • CD7 -ve/+ve.
  • EMA +ve.
  • Cytotoxic markers (e.g. TIA, perforin)

Molecular

  • In ALK+ ALCL, there is commonly an ALK1 rearrangement.
    • This may be ALK::NPM1, i.e. t(2,5)(p23;q35)[4] - combined nuclear and cytoplasmic ALK staining is a surrogate for this translocation.
  • Other non-NPM1 partners may occur. A ALK1 break-apart probe will detect these.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rapkiewicz, A.; Wen, H.; Sen, F.; Das, K. (Dec 2007). "Cytomorphologic examination of anaplastic large cell lymphoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology.". Cancer 111 (6): 499-507. doi:10.1002/cncr.23120. PMID 17941004. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.23120/full.
  2. ↑ Ponzoni, M.; Terreni, MR.; Ciceri, F.; Ferreri, AJ.; Gerevini, S.; Anzalone, N.; Valle, M.; Pizzolito, S. et al. (Nov 2002). "Primary brain CD30+ ALK1+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma ('ALKoma'): the first case with a combination of 'not common' variants.". Ann Oncol 13 (11): 1827-32. PMID 12419758.
  3. ↑ Amin, HM.; Lai, R. (Oct 2007). "Pathobiology of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.". Blood 110 (7): 2259-67. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-04-060715. PMID 17519389. http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/110/7/2259.full.html.
  4. ↑ Lamant L, Meggetto F, al Saati T, et al. (January 1996). "High incidence of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and its lack of detection in Hodgkin's disease. Comparison of cytogenetic analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and P-80 immunostaining". Blood 87 (1): 284–91. PMID 8547653.
Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/w/index.php?title=Anaplastic_large_cell_lymphoma&oldid=52395"