Difference between revisions of "Cartilage"

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'''Cartilage''' is a type of connective tissue that does not commonly come across the pathologist's desk.
'''Cartilage''' is a type of connective tissue that does not commonly come across the pathologist's desk.


It comes in three flavours:<ref name=Ref_WFH4_173-5>{{Ref WFH4|173-5}}</ref>
It comes in three flavours:<ref name=Ref_WFH4_173-5>{{Ref WFH4|173-5}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Cartilage/Cartil.htm http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Cartilage/Cartil.htm]. Accessed on: 2 January 2011.</ref>
#Hyaline cartilage.
#Hyaline cartilage, e.g. [[trachea]].
#Fibrocartilage.
#Fibrocartilage, e.g. intervertebral disc.
#Elastic cartilage.
#Elastic cartilage, e.g. epiglottis.


==General==
=General=
Features of cartilage:<ref name=Ref_EH2_178-9>{{Ref EH2|178-9}}</ref>
Features of cartilage:<ref name=Ref_EH2_178-9>{{Ref EH2|178-9}}</ref>
*Avascular.
*Avascular.
Line 12: Line 12:
*Round cells.  
*Round cells.  


==Hyaline cartilage==
==Differential diagnosis==
Cartilage - general for the site:<ref name=pmid17031677>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Krenn | first1 = V. | last2 = Morawietz | first2 = L. | last3 = König | first3 = A. | last4 = Haeupl | first4 = T. | title = [Differential diagnosis of chronic synovitis]. | journal = Pathologe | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 402-8 | month = Nov | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1007/s00292-006-0866-6 | PMID = 17031677 }}</ref>
*[[Synovial chondromatosis]].
*[[Gout]].
*[[Pseudogout]].
*[[Storage disorders]].
*[[Granuloma|Granulomatous inflammation]].
*Degenerative changes ([[osteoarthritis]]).
*[[Rheumatic joint disease|Rheumatic disease]].
*[[Diffuse tenosynovial giant-cell tumour]].
 
==Normal==
===Hyaline cartilage===
====Microscopic====
Features:<ref name=Ref_EH2_178>{{Ref EH2|178}}</ref>
Features:<ref name=Ref_EH2_178>{{Ref EH2|178}}</ref>
*Chondrocytes within small pockets (lacunae) of extracellular matrix.
*Chondrocytes within small pockets (lacunae) of extracellular matrix.
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***Blue-white appearance on [[H&E stain]] -- '''key feature'''.
***Blue-white appearance on [[H&E stain]] -- '''key feature'''.


==See also==
Image:
<gallery>
Image:Cartilage polarised.jpg | Hyaline cartilage - polarized. (WC)
</gallery>
 
===Perichondrium===
====Microscopic====
Features:
*Around cartilage.
**Increased cellular density.
**Spindle cells with poorly defined cellular borders in an eosinophilic (fibrous) stroma.
 
Images:
*[http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/perichondrium.jpg Perichondrium (apsu.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/Ch04%20Mineralized%20Connective%20Tissues.htm http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/Ch04%20Mineralized%20Connective%20Tissues.htm]. Accessed on: 19 September 2012.</ref>
*[http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/perichondrium02.gif Perichondrium (apsu.edu)].
 
=Tumours=
{{Main|Chondro-osseous tumours}}
Tumours of cartilage are dealt with in the article ''[[chondro-osseous tumours]]'' together with bone tumours.
 
=Specific diagnoses=
==Synovial chondromatosis==
*[[AKA]] ''synovial osteochondromatosis''.
{{Main|Synovial chondromatosis}}
 
=See also=
*[[Chondro-osseous tumours]].
*[[Chondro-osseous tumours]].
*[[Bone]].
*[[Bone]].
*[[Spine]].
*[[Joints]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 04:02, 6 January 2017

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that does not commonly come across the pathologist's desk.

It comes in three flavours:[1][2]

  1. Hyaline cartilage, e.g. trachea.
  2. Fibrocartilage, e.g. intervertebral disc.
  3. Elastic cartilage, e.g. epiglottis.

General

Features of cartilage:[3]

  • Avascular.
  • Extracellular matrix with bluish tinge.
  • Round cells.

Differential diagnosis

Cartilage - general for the site:[4]

Normal

Hyaline cartilage

Microscopic

Features:[5]

  • Chondrocytes within small pockets (lacunae) of extracellular matrix.
    • Chondrocytes:
      • Spherical nucleus.
      • Prominent nucleolus.
      • Clear cytoplasm.
    • Extracellular matrix:
      • Blue-white appearance on H&E stain -- key feature.

Image:

  • Hyaline cartilage - polarized. (WC)

Perichondrium

Microscopic

Features:

  • Around cartilage.
    • Increased cellular density.
    • Spindle cells with poorly defined cellular borders in an eosinophilic (fibrous) stroma.

Images:

Tumours

Main article: Chondro-osseous tumours

Tumours of cartilage are dealt with in the article chondro-osseous tumours together with bone tumours.

Specific diagnoses

Synovial chondromatosis

  • AKA synovial osteochondromatosis.
Main article: Synovial chondromatosis

See also

References

  1. ↑ Young, Barbara; Lowe, James S.; Stevens, Alan; Heath, John W.; Deakin, Philip J. (2000). Wheaters Functional Histology (4th ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 173-5. ISBN 978-0004881973.
  2. ↑ URL: http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Cartilage/Cartil.htm. Accessed on: 2 January 2011.
  3. ↑ Cormack, David H. (2001). Essential Histology (2nd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 178-9. ISBN 978-0781716680.
  4. ↑ Krenn, V.; Morawietz, L.; König, A.; Haeupl, T. (Nov 2006). "[Differential diagnosis of chronic synovitis].". Pathologe 27 (6): 402-8. doi:10.1007/s00292-006-0866-6. PMID 17031677.
  5. ↑ Cormack, David H. (2001). Essential Histology (2nd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 178. ISBN 978-0781716680.
  6. ↑ URL: http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/Ch04%20Mineralized%20Connective%20Tissues.htm. Accessed on: 19 September 2012.
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