Hypertension: Difference between revisions
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'''Hypertension''' is very common and affects multiple organs. Clinically, it is usually classified as primary (idiopathic) and secondary. | [[Image:Thrombotic microangiopathy - very high mag.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Micrograph of blood vessels in the kidney showing the changes of chronic [[thrombotic microangiopathy]], as may be seen in malignant hypertension.]] | ||
'''Hypertension''', also '''high blood pressure''', is very common and affects multiple organs. Clinically, it is usually classified as primary (idiopathic) and secondary. | |||
Hypertensive crisis, if untreated, is associated with damage to the [[brain]], [[heart]], [[eye]] and [[kidney]]s.<ref name=pmid19899722>{{cite journal |author=Janota T |title=[Hypertensive crisis--the present view] |language=Czech |journal=Cas. Lek. Cesk. |volume=148 |issue=8 |pages=370–3 |year=2009 |pmid=19899722 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Hypertensive crisis, if untreated, is associated with damage to the [[brain]], [[heart]], [[eye]] and [[kidney]]s.<ref name=pmid19899722>{{cite journal |author=Janota T |title=[Hypertensive crisis--the present view] |language=Czech |journal=Cas. Lek. Cesk. |volume=148 |issue=8 |pages=370–3 |year=2009 |pmid=19899722 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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*[[Scleroderma]]. | *[[Scleroderma]]. | ||
*Sleep apnea. | *Sleep apnea. | ||
*Drugs - notably alcohol. | *Drugs - notably [[alcohol]]. | ||
==Brain== | ==Brain== | ||
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===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Treated with antihypertensives. | *Treated with antihypertensives. | ||
*Mechanism of death: (ventricular) arrhythmia.<ref name=pmid15860963/> | *Mechanism of death: (ventricular) [[Cardiac arrhythmia|arrhythmia]].<ref name=pmid15860963/> | ||
====Associated pathology<ref name=pmid15860963>{{cite journal |author=Prisant LM |title=Hypertensive heart disease |journal=J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=231–8 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15860963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>==== | ====Associated pathology<ref name=pmid15860963>{{cite journal |author=Prisant LM |title=Hypertensive heart disease |journal=J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=231–8 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15860963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>==== | ||
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*In the autopsy context, significant [[valvular heart disease]] should be absent. | *In the autopsy context, significant [[valvular heart disease]] should be absent. | ||
*A heart > ~400 g is considered good enough for the cause of death ''hypertensive heart disease'', if no other significant findings are present.<ref>MSP. 29 September 2010.</ref> | *A heart > ~400 g is considered good enough for the cause of death ''hypertensive heart disease'', if no other significant findings are present.<ref>MSP. 29 September 2010.</ref> | ||
*Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly seen.<ref name=pmid22392315>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sant'Anna | first1 = MP. | last2 = Mello | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Montenegro | first3 = LT. | last4 = Araújo | first4 = MM. | title = [Left and right ventricular hypertrophy at autopsy of hypertensive individuals]. | journal = Rev Assoc Med Bras | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 41-7 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 22392315 }}</ref> | *Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly seen.<ref name=pmid22392315>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sant'Anna | first1 = MP. | last2 = Mello | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Montenegro | first3 = LT. | last4 = Araújo | first4 = MM. | title = [Left and right ventricular hypertrophy at autopsy of hypertensive individuals]. | journal = Rev Assoc Med Bras | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 41-7 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 22392315 }}</ref><ref name=pmid18800141>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cuspidi | first1 = C. | last2 = Valerio | first2 = C. | last3 = Sala | first3 = C. | last4 = Negri | first4 = F. | last5 = Esposito | first5 = A. | last6 = Masaidi | first6 = M. | last7 = Giudici | first7 = V. | last8 = Zanchetti | first8 = A. | last9 = Mancia | first9 = G. | title = Metabolic syndrome and biventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. | journal = J Hum Hypertens | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 168-75 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1038/jhh.2008.119 | PMID = 18800141 }}</ref> | ||
Gross DDx: | Gross DDx: | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]. | *[[Pulmonary hypertension]]. | ||
*[[Portal hypertension]]. | |||
*[[Sudden natural death]]. | *[[Sudden natural death]]. | ||
*[[Vascular disease]]. | *[[Vascular disease]]. | ||
*[[Decidual vasculopathy]] - seen in gestational hypertension. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||