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Difference between revisions of "Urothelium"
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→Flat urothelial lesions: more
(re-work more) |
(→Flat urothelial lesions: more) |
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=Flat urothelial lesions= | =Flat urothelial lesions= | ||
== | ==Overview== | ||
Several different benign | Several different benign & pre-malignant diagnoses can be made: | ||
*Reactive atypia. | *Reactive atypia. | ||
*Flat urothelial hyperplasia. | *Flat urothelial hyperplasia. | ||
*Urothelial dysplasia. | *Urothelial dysplasia. | ||
*Urothelial carcinoma in situ. | *Urothelial carcinoma in situ. | ||
*Invasive | *Invasive urothelial carcinoma. | ||
==Urothelial carcinoma in situ== | ==Urothelial carcinoma in situ== | ||
===General=== | |||
*Lack papillae. | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | |||
*Nuclear changes '''key feature'''. | *Nuclear changes '''key feature'''. | ||
**Enlargement of nuclei (often 4-5x the size of stromal lymphocytes) -- diagnostic.<ref name=Ref_GUP161>{{Ref GUP|161}}</ref> | **Enlargement of nuclei (often 4-5x the size of stromal lymphocytes) -- diagnostic.<ref name=Ref_GUP161>{{Ref GUP|161}}</ref> | ||