Difference between revisions of "Melanocytic lesions"

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===Benign lesions===
===Benign lesions===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
| '''Name'''
| '''Name'''
| '''Key feature'''
| '''Key feature'''
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| '''Ref.'''
| '''Ref.'''
|-
|-
| Lentigo simplex
| [[Lentigo simplex]]
| no nests, epidermis only
| no nests, epidermis only
| slender rete with melanocytes; no nests of melanocytes; no dermal melanocytes
| slender rete with melanocytes; no nests of melanocytes; no dermal melanocytes
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP498>{{Ref WMSP|498}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP498>{{Ref WMSP|498}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Junctional melanocytic nevus
| [[Junctional melanocytic nevus]]
| nests in epidermis
| nests in epidermis
| nests of melanocytes at tips of rete, no dermal melanocytes
| nests of melanocytes at tips of rete, no dermal melanocytes
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP498>{{Ref WMSP|498}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP498>{{Ref WMSP|498}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Compound melanocytic nevus
| [[Compound melanocytic nevus]]
| benign nests in dermis & epidermis
| benign nests in dermis & epidermis
| nests of melanocytes at tips of rete and in dermis; dermal melanocytes lack nucleoli, lack mitoses and "mature with depth" -- see ''Note 1''.
| nests of melanocytes at tips of rete and in dermis; dermal melanocytes lack nucleoli, lack mitoses and "mature with depth" -- see ''Note 1''.
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP499>{{Ref WMSP|499}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP499>{{Ref WMSP|499}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Intradermal melanocytic nevus  
| [[Intradermal melanocytic nevus]]
| nested & individual melanocytes - only in dermis
| nested & individual melanocytes - only in dermis
| nested & individual melanocytes - only in dermis, +/- multinucleation, +/-pseudovascular spaces
| nested & individual melanocytes - only in dermis, +/- multinucleation, +/-pseudovascular spaces
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP499>{{Ref WMSP|499}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP499>{{Ref WMSP|499}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Spitz nevus (epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus)
| [[Spitz nevus]] (epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus)
| long axis of nests perpendicular to surface
| long axis of nests perpendicular to surface
| spindled, epithelioid or mixed melanocytes, long axis of nests perpendicular to surface, superficial mitoses common
| spindled, epithelioid or mixed melanocytes, long axis of nests perpendicular to surface, superficial mitoses common
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP499>{{Ref WMSP|499}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP499>{{Ref WMSP|499}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed (AKA Pigmented spindle cell nevus)
| [[Pigmented spindle cell nevus]] of Reed (AKA Pigmented spindle cell nevus)
| nests of heavily pigmented spindle cells
| nests of heavily pigmented spindle cells
| heavily pigmented spindle cells in epidermis & dermis, form "basketweave" pattern, nests (???)
| heavily pigmented spindle cells in epidermis & dermis, form "basketweave" pattern, nests (???)
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP500>{{Ref WMSP|500}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP500>{{Ref WMSP|500}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Blue nevus
| [[Blue nevus]]
| lentil-shaped (ovoid) nests btw collagen bundles
| lentil-shaped (ovoid) nests btw collagen bundles
| dermal lentil-shaped nests, mix of spindle or dendritic or epithelioid cell morphology, nests btw collagen
| dermal lentil-shaped nests, mix of spindle or dendritic or epithelioid cell morphology, nests btw collagen
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP501>{{Ref WMSP|501}}</ref>  
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP501>{{Ref WMSP|501}}</ref>  
|-
|-
| Cellular blue nevus
| [[Cellular blue nevus]]
| dermal lesion with pigmented spindle cells & epithelioid cells
| dermal lesion with pigmented spindle cells & epithelioid cells
| deep dermis; cells lack nucleoli; biphasic: (1) epithelioid cells with pale cytoplasm, (2) pigmented spindle cells +/- melanophages
| deep dermis; cells lack nucleoli; biphasic: (1) epithelioid cells with pale cytoplasm, (2) pigmented spindle cells +/- melanophages
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP501>{{Ref WMSP|501}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP501>{{Ref WMSP|501}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Congenital-pattern nevi
| [[Congenital-pattern nevus]]
| growth along dermal structures
| growth along dermal structures
| extend along dermal structures (e.g. nerves, hair shafts, ducts); lacks atypia; +/-mitoses
| extend along dermal structures (e.g. nerves, hair shafts, ducts); lacks atypia; +/-mitoses
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP501>{{Ref WMSP|501}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP501>{{Ref WMSP|501}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Dysplastic nevus (Clark's nevus)
| [[Dysplastic nevus]] (Clark's nevus)
| melanocyte bridges, lamellar fibrosis
| melanocyte bridges, lamellar fibrosis
| melanocytes "bridges" btw sides of rete, "lamellar fibrosis" (collagen deep to epidermis), mod. atypia
| melanocytes "bridges" btw sides of rete, "lamellar fibrosis" (collagen deep to epidermis), mod. atypia
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| <ref name=Ref_WMSP502>{{Ref WMSP|502}}</ref>
| <ref name=Ref_WMSP502>{{Ref WMSP|502}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Halo nevus
| [[Halo nevus]]
| lymphocytes +++
| lymphocytes +++
| lymphocytes at perimeter of melanocytic; epidermal melanocytes not nested; may be dermal, epidermal or both
| lymphocytes at perimeter of melanocytic; epidermal melanocytes not nested; may be dermal, epidermal or both

Revision as of 15:32, 2 September 2011

Melanocytic lesions are commonly encountered in dermatopathology and an area which causes some difficulty, i.e. it is hard to decide in some cases whether a lesion is benign (e.g. Spitz nevus) or malignant (malignant melanoma).

Overview

Identifying melanocytes

  • Pigmented.
  • Clear cytoplasm.

Benign lesions

Name Key feature Microscopic Clinical Gross Image Ref.
Lentigo simplex no nests, epidermis only slender rete with melanocytes; no nests of melanocytes; no dermal melanocytes < 40 years small flat pigmented lesion [1]
Junctional melanocytic nevus nests in epidermis nests of melanocytes at tips of rete, no dermal melanocytes usu. sun exposed skin, unusual in >50 years small flat (uniformly) pigmented lesion [1]
Compound melanocytic nevus benign nests in dermis & epidermis nests of melanocytes at tips of rete and in dermis; dermal melanocytes lack nucleoli, lack mitoses and "mature with depth" -- see Note 1. small slightly raised (uniformily) pigmented lesion [2]
Intradermal melanocytic nevus nested & individual melanocytes - only in dermis nested & individual melanocytes - only in dermis, +/- multinucleation, +/-pseudovascular spaces Clinical DDx: fibroepithelial polyp (skin tag), basal cell carcinoma raised, non-pigmented lesion [2]
Spitz nevus (epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus) long axis of nests perpendicular to surface spindled, epithelioid or mixed melanocytes, long axis of nests perpendicular to surface, superficial mitoses common Children & adolescents usu. non-pigmented Spitz nevus (drmihm.com) [2]
Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed (AKA Pigmented spindle cell nevus) nests of heavily pigmented spindle cells heavily pigmented spindle cells in epidermis & dermis, form "basketweave" pattern, nests (???) women in teens & 20s; location: shoulder, pelvic girdle region Pigmented +++, small size Reed nevus - low mag. (WC), Reed nevus - intermed. mag. (WC), Reed nevus - collection (histopathology-india.net) [3]
Blue nevus lentil-shaped (ovoid) nests btw collagen bundles dermal lentil-shaped nests, mix of spindle or dendritic or epithelioid cell morphology, nests btw collagen usu. head & neck or extremities; clinically confused with melanoma[4] blue flat or slightly raised lesion Blue nevus (WC), Blue nevus - very low mag. (WC), Blue nevus - intermed. mag. (WC) [5]
Cellular blue nevus dermal lesion with pigmented spindle cells & epithelioid cells deep dermis; cells lack nucleoli; biphasic: (1) epithelioid cells with pale cytoplasm, (2) pigmented spindle cells +/- melanophages congenital or acquired; usu. scalp or butt blue flat or raised lesion [5]
Congenital-pattern nevus growth along dermal structures extend along dermal structures (e.g. nerves, hair shafts, ducts); lacks atypia; +/-mitoses congenital or acquired; large ones increased melanoma risk[6] small, intermediate (2-20 cm) or large [5]
Dysplastic nevus (Clark's nevus) melanocyte bridges, lamellar fibrosis melanocytes "bridges" btw sides of rete, "lamellar fibrosis" (collagen deep to epidermis), mod. atypia may be familial - precursor to melanoma may have asymmetry in shape or pigmentation [7]
Halo nevus lymphocytes +++ lymphocytes at perimeter of melanocytic; epidermal melanocytes not nested; may be dermal, epidermal or both central zone of pigment [7]

Note 1:

  • "Maturation" in the context of melanocytic lesions means (1) the cells get smaller with depth, (2) cells are less mitotic with depth.

Dermal nevus

General

  • Think melanoma.

Clinical: ABCD = asymmetric, borders (irregular), colour (black), diameter (large).

Microscopic

Features:[8]

  • Symmetrical lesion.
  • "Matures" with depth - less cellular, less atypia.
  • No destruction of surrounding structures.
  • Only in dermis key feature.
    • Otherwise it is something else, e.g. dermal nevus, junctional nevus.

Microscopic

  • Basaloid cells mixed with squamous cells.
  • Keratin-filled invaginations.
  • Horn cysts - intraepidermal, brown globule-like structures.
    • Melanocytes at the dermoepidermal junction.[9]

Spitz nevus

  • AKA epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus.

Epidemiology

  • Children & adolescents.

Microscopic

Features:[2]

  • Architecture:
    • Nests of cells (spindle, epithelioid or spindle/epithelioid) - in both dermis and epidermis.
      • Nests are vertically arranged, i.e. the long axis of the nests are perpendicular to the skin surface.
        • Nest arrangement/orientation described as "cluster of bananas".
  • +/-Hyperkeratosis (more keratin, i.e. thick stratum corneum).
  • +/-Hypergranulosis (thick stratum granulosum).
  • +/-Acanthosis (thick stratum spinosum).
  • NEVER in the setting of solar elastosis.[10]
    • If there is solar elastosis -- it's melanoma.
  • Camino bodies (also written Kamino bodies) - dense eosinophilic bodies at dermoepidermal junction.[11]

Images:

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 498. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 499. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  3. ↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 500. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  4. ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 592. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 501. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  6. ↑ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon (2009). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 1170. ISBN 978-1416031215.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 502. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  8. ↑ need ref
  9. ↑ URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview.
  10. ↑ HJ. 16 July 2010.
  11. ↑ URL: http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumorspitz.html. Accessed on: 18 May 2011.
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