48,536
edits
Difference between revisions of "Colon"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
Technically, the rectum and cecum are ''not'' part of the colon. Thus, inflammation of the rectum should be ''proctitis'' and inflammation of the cecum should be ''cecitis''. | Technically, the rectum and cecum are ''not'' part of the colon. Thus, inflammation of the rectum should be ''proctitis'' and inflammation of the cecum should be ''cecitis''. | ||
=Anatomy= | |||
*The [[rectum]] has several definition. These are discussed in the ''[[rectum]]'' article. | |||
*The large bowel may be submitted with segment names or with the distance to the anal verge. | |||
A conversion between named segments and distance - as per NCI of the United States:<ref>URL: [https://training.seer.cancer.gov/colorectal/anatomy/figure/figure1.html]https://training.seer.cancer.gov/colorectal/anatomy/figure/figure1.html]. Accessed on: 8 February 2018.</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
!Named segment | |||
!Distance to anal verge (cm) | |||
|- | |||
|Anus | |||
|0-4 | |||
|- | |||
|[[Rectum]] | |||
|4-16 | |||
|- | |||
|Rectosigmoid | |||
|15-17 | |||
|- | |||
|Sigmoid | |||
|17-57 | |||
|- | |||
|Descending | |||
|57-82 | |||
|- | |||
|Transverse | |||
|82-132 | |||
|- | |||
|Ascending | |||
|132-147 | |||
|- | |||
|Cecum | |||
|150 | |||
|} | |||
=Common clinical problems= | =Common clinical problems= | ||
| Line 48: | Line 82: | ||
# Subtotal colectomy - part of colon removed --or-- some of the rectum remains. | # Subtotal colectomy - part of colon removed --or-- some of the rectum remains. | ||
# Right hemicolectomy - right colon + distal ileum. | # Right hemicolectomy - right colon + distal ileum. | ||
# Lower anterior resection (LAR) - proximal rectum +/- sigmoid (for proximal rectal malignancies). | # [[Lower anterior resection]] (LAR) - proximal rectum +/- sigmoid (for proximal rectal malignancies). | ||
#* Specimens have should have intact mesorectum - ''[[total mesorectal excision]]'' (TME) - reduces local recurrence.<ref name=pmid8665198>{{Cite journal | last1 = Arbman | first1 = G. | last2 = Nilsson | first2 = E. | last3 = Hallböök | first3 = O. | last4 = Sjödahl | first4 = R. | title = Local recurrence following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. | journal = Br J Surg | volume = 83 | issue = 3 | pages = 375-9 | month = Mar | year = 1996 | doi = | PMID = 8665198 }}</ref> | #* Specimens have should have intact mesorectum - ''[[total mesorectal excision]]'' (TME) - reduces local recurrence.<ref name=pmid8665198>{{Cite journal | last1 = Arbman | first1 = G. | last2 = Nilsson | first2 = E. | last3 = Hallböök | first3 = O. | last4 = Sjödahl | first4 = R. | title = Local recurrence following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. | journal = Br J Surg | volume = 83 | issue = 3 | pages = 375-9 | month = Mar | year = 1996 | doi = | PMID = 8665198 }}</ref> | ||
# Abdominoperineal resection (APR) - anus + rectum - results in a permanent [[stoma]] (for distal rectal malignancies). | # [[Abdominoperineal resection]] (APR) - anus + rectum - results in a permanent [[stoma]] (for distal rectal malignancies). | ||
# [[Stoma]] - these are often done emergently and then get cut-out after the patient's condition has settled. | # [[Stoma]] - these are often done emergently and then get cut-out after the patient's condition has settled. | ||
#[[Doughnuts]] (also ''donuts'') from an end-to-end anastomosis stapler. | #[[Doughnuts]] (also ''donuts'') from an end-to-end anastomosis stapler. | ||