Difference between revisions of "Ovarian tumours"

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Ovarian tumours (view source)

Revision as of 14:26, 6 May 2011

10 bytes added ,  14:26, 6 May 2011
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*Grade III = 40%.
*Grade III = 40%.


==Surface epithelial tumours==
=Surface epithelial tumours=
Most common subtypes - in short:<ref>{{Ref PBoD|1096-7}}</ref>
Most common subtypes - in short:<ref>{{Ref PBoD|1096-7}}</ref>
*Serous:  
*Serous:  
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===Gross===
===Gross===
Features:
*Multiloculated.
*Multiloculated.
*Sticky, gelatinous fluid (glycoprotein).
*Sticky, gelatinous fluid (glycoprotein).


===Micro===
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Tall [[columnar cell]]s in glands.
*Tall [[columnar cell]]s in glands.
**Apical mucin.
**Apical mucin.
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*Solid.
*Solid.


===Microscopy===
===Microscopic===
Features:
Features:
*Nests of transitional epithelium.<ref name=Ref_PBoD1098>{{Ref PBoD|1098}}</ref>
*Nests of transitional epithelium.<ref name=Ref_PBoD1098>{{Ref PBoD|1098}}</ref>
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*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brenner_tumour_intermed_mag.jpg Brenner tumour - intermed. magnifiction (WC)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brenner_tumour_intermed_mag.jpg Brenner tumour - intermed. magnifiction (WC)].


==Germ cell tumours==
=Germ cell tumours=
These tumour are relatively uncommon, though are the most common grouping for young women.<ref>NEED REF.</ref>
{{Main|Germ cell tumours}}
These tumour are relatively uncommon, though are the most common grouping for young women.


===Overview===
==Overview==
*Dysgerminoma (most common).
*Dysgerminoma (most common).
**Female version of [[seminoma]].
**Female version of [[seminoma]].
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==Dysgerminoma==
==Dysgerminoma==
===General===
===General===
* Female counterpart of [[seminoma]]<ref>{{Ref PBoD|1101}}</ref> -- look the same; see ''[[testis]] article''.
*Female counterpart of [[seminoma]]<ref>{{Ref PBoD|1101}}</ref> -- look the same.
 
Epidemiology:
* Most common [[GCT]] in females.
* Prognosis usually good.


===Microscopy===
===Microscopic===
Features:
* Fried egg appearance (clear cytoplasm, central nucleus).
* Fried egg appearance (clear cytoplasm, central nucleus).
* Nuclear membrane has "corners", i.e. is "squared-off" - or "polygonal".
* Nuclear membrane has "corners", i.e. is "squared-off" - or "polygonal".
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* +/- Granulomata.
* +/- Granulomata.


===Epidemiology===
Dysgerminoma vs lymphoma:
* Most common [[GCT]] in females.
* Dysgerminoma has "squared-off" nuclei,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Baker P, Oliva E |title=A practical approach to intraoperative consultation in gynecological pathology |journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=353?65 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18580313 |doi=10.1097/PGP.0b013e31815c24fe |url=}}</ref> i.e. the nuclei look are polygonal-shaped.
* Prognosis usually good.
 
==Gonadoblastoma==
{{Main|Gonadoblastoma}}
Details dealt with in the main article.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD1104>{{Ref PBoD|1104}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970245-5 http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970245-5]. Accessed on: 8 April 2011.</ref>
*Immature germ cells resembling Sertoli cells or granulosa cells.
**Cells with moderate cytoplasm is a trabecular or tubular architecture.
*Primitive germ cells resemble those of a [[dysgerminoma]].
**Polygonal cells with a central nucleus, squared-off nuclear membrane and clear cytoplasm.
*+/-Calcification (very common).
 
==Metastatic ovarian tumours==
* Mostly muellerian origin (uterus, fallopian tube) or pelvic peritoneum.
 
Extramuellerian metastatic tumours
* [[Breast]].  
* [[Gastrointestinal pathology|Gastrointestinal (GI) tract]].
** Pseudomyxoma peritonei ([[appendix|appendiceal]]).
** Krukenberg tumour = [[signet ring cell]] cancer with mucin production of GI origin.


Dysgerminoma vs lymphoma:
* dysgerminoma has "squared-off" nuclei,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Baker P, Oliva E |title=A practical approach to intraoperative consultation in gynecological pathology |journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=353?65 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18580313 |doi=10.1097/PGP.0b013e31815c24fe |url=}}</ref> i.e. the nuclei look are polygonal-shaped.


==Sex cord stromal tumours==
=Sex cord stromal tumours=
*IHC: most are positive for inhibin.<ref name=pmid16810055>{{cite journal |author=Roth LM |title=Recent advances in the pathology and classification of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors |journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=199–215 |year=2006 |month=July |pmid=16810055 |doi=10.1097/01.pgp.0000192271.22289.e6 |url=}}</ref>
*IHC: most are positive for inhibin.<ref name=pmid16810055>{{cite journal |author=Roth LM |title=Recent advances in the pathology and classification of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors |journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=199–215 |year=2006 |month=July |pmid=16810055 |doi=10.1097/01.pgp.0000192271.22289.e6 |url=}}</ref>
*Most are unilateral.<ref name=pmid16810055/>
*Most are unilateral.<ref name=pmid16810055/>
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*Associated with [[nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]].<ref name=Ref_PBoD1103>{{Ref PBoD |1103}}</ref>
*Associated with [[nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]].<ref name=Ref_PBoD1103>{{Ref PBoD |1103}}</ref>


===Microscopy===
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref>[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/ovarytumor.html#fibroma http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/ovarytumor.html#fibroma]</ref><ref name=pmid16810055/>
Features:<ref>[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/ovarytumor.html#fibroma http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/ovarytumor.html#fibroma]</ref><ref name=pmid16810055/>
*Spindle-shaped cells.
*Spindle-shaped cells.
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*Reinke crystalloids - in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells - ''[[testis]] article''.
*Reinke crystalloids - in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells - ''[[testis]] article''.


==Gonadoblastoma==
=Benign=
{{Main|Gonadoblastoma}}
Details dealt with in the main article.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD1104>{{Ref PBoD|1104}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970245-5 http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970245-5]. Accessed on: 8 April 2011.</ref>
*Immature germ cells resembling Sertoli cells or granulosa cells.
**Cells with moderate cytoplasm is a trabecular or tubular architecture.
*Primitive germ cells resemble those of a [[dysgerminoma]].
**Polygonal cells with a central nucleus, squared-off nuclear membrane and clear cytoplasm.
*+/-Calcification (very common).
 
==Metastatic ovarian tumours==
* Mostly muellerian origin (uterus, fallopian tube) or pelvic peritoneum.
 
Extramuellerian metastatic tumours
* [[Breast]].
* [[Gastrointestinal pathology|Gastrointestinal (GI) tract]].
** Pseudomyxoma peritonei ([[appendix|appendiceal]]).
** Krukenberg tumour = [[signet ring cell]] cancer with mucin production of GI origin.
 
==Benign==
==Benign mesothelial inclusion cyst==
==Benign mesothelial inclusion cyst==
===Epidemiology===  
===Epidemiology===  
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*Clear/translucent fluid.
*Clear/translucent fluid.


===Microscopy===
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Benign mesothelium.
*Benign mesothelium.
**Single layer of squamoid or cuboid mesothelial cells.<ref name=pmid16092670/>  
**Single layer of squamoid or cuboid mesothelial cells.<ref name=pmid16092670/>  
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*[[CK]] +ve, [[calretinin]] +ve.<ref name=pmid16092670/>
*[[CK]] +ve, [[calretinin]] +ve.<ref name=pmid16092670/>


==See also==
=See also=
*[[Ovary]].
*[[Ovary]].
*[[Gynecologic pathology]].
*[[Gynecologic pathology]].


==References==
=References=
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:Gynecologic pathology]]
[[Category:Gynecologic pathology]]
Michael
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