Endometrial carcinoma: Difference between revisions
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*Diabetes. | *Diabetes. | ||
*Nulliparity. | *Nulliparity. | ||
*Unopposed estrogen (polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), anovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)). | *Unopposed estrogen ([[polycystic ovarian syndrome]] (PCOS), anovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)). | ||
*Tamoxifen use. | *[[Tamoxifen]] use. | ||
**Used for breast cancer; the risk is quite small<ref name=pmid19505894>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = K. | title = Is tamoxifen a genotoxic carcinogen in women? | journal = Mutagenesis | volume = 24 | issue = 5 | pages = 391-404 | month = Sep | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1093/mutage/gep022 | PMID = 19505894 }}</ref> or possibly negligent.<ref name=pmid19827879>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ashraf | first1 = M. | last2 = Biswas | first2 = J. | last3 = Majumdar | first3 = S. | last4 = Nayak | first4 = S. | last5 = Alam | first5 = N. | last6 = Mukherjee | first6 = KK. | last7 = Gupta | first7 = S. | title = Tamoxifen use in Indian women--adverse effects revisited. | journal = Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 609-12 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 19827879 }}</ref> | **Used for breast cancer; the risk is quite small<ref name=pmid19505894>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = K. | title = Is tamoxifen a genotoxic carcinogen in women? | journal = Mutagenesis | volume = 24 | issue = 5 | pages = 391-404 | month = Sep | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1093/mutage/gep022 | PMID = 19505894 }}</ref> or possibly negligent.<ref name=pmid19827879>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ashraf | first1 = M. | last2 = Biswas | first2 = J. | last3 = Majumdar | first3 = S. | last4 = Nayak | first4 = S. | last5 = Alam | first5 = N. | last6 = Mukherjee | first6 = KK. | last7 = Gupta | first7 = S. | title = Tamoxifen use in Indian women--adverse effects revisited. | journal = Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 609-12 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 19827879 }}</ref> | ||
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*Clear cells - with moderate nuclear pleomorphism - '''key feature'''. | *Clear cells - with moderate nuclear pleomorphism - '''key feature'''. | ||
**Classically clear cells... but not always. | **Classically clear cells... but not always. | ||
*Hobnail pattern -- apical cytoplasm > cytoplasm on basement membrane. | *[[Hobnail pattern]] -- apical cytoplasm > cytoplasm on basement membrane. | ||
*Usually tubular/cystic, may be solid or papillary. | *Usually tubular/cystic, may be solid or papillary. | ||
**Papillae may be pseudopapillae -- with edema instead of vessels. | **Papillae may be pseudopapillae -- with edema instead of vessels. | ||
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*CK20 -ve.<ref name=pmid11444201/> | *CK20 -ve.<ref name=pmid11444201/> | ||
*Vimentin +ve.<ref name=pmid11444201/> | *Vimentin +ve.<ref name=pmid11444201/> | ||
*Napsin A +ve.<ref name=pmid25971546>{{Cite journal | last1 = Iwamoto | first1 = M. | last2 = Nakatani | first2 = Y. | last3 = Fugo | first3 = K. | last4 = Kishimoto | first4 = T. | last5 = Kiyokawa | first5 = T. | title = Napsin A is frequently expressed in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and endometrium. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 46 | issue = 7 | pages = 957-62 | month = Jul | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.03.008 | PMID = 25971546 }}</ref> | |||
Note: | Note: | ||