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Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder (view source)
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'''Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder''' is a rare benign change of the [[urinary bladder]] associated with an increased risk of [[malignancy]] | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder -- low mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder. [[H&E stain]]. (WC/Nephron) | |||
| Synonyms = | |||
| Micro = squamous epithelium with hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis, negative for atypia | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[squamous dysplasia]] of the metaplastic epithelium, [[squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]], metastatic [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[urothelial carcinoma]] with squamous metaplasia or squamous differentiation | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Staging = | |||
| Site = [[urinary bladder]] | |||
| Assdx = | |||
| Syndromes = | |||
| Clinicalhx = usually males (males:females = 4:1) | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = rare | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = benign, increased risk of malignancy | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = | |||
| Tx = clinical follow-up | |||
}} | |||
'''Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder''' is a rare benign change of the [[urinary bladder]] associated with an increased risk of [[malignancy]];<ref name=pmid12429156>{{Cite journal | last1 = Khan | first1 = MS. | last2 = Thornhill | first2 = JA. | last3 = Gaffney | first3 = E. | last4 = Loftus | first4 = B. | last5 = Butler | first5 = MR. | title = Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the bladder: natural history and rationalization of management based on review of 54 years experience. | journal = Eur Urol | volume = 42 | issue = 5 | pages = 469-74 | month = Nov | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12429156 }}</ref> however, it is not considered a pre-malignant condition.<ref name=pmid1379440>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kvist | first1 = E. | last2 = Sjølin | first2 = KE. | last3 = Laursen | first3 = H. | last4 = Orntoft | first4 = TF. | last5 = Sturmer | first5 = MA. | title = Squamous cell metaplasia of the bladder urothelium. A retrospective study of 36 patients. | journal = APMIS | volume = 100 | issue = 7 | pages = 650-4 | month = Jul | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1379440 }}</ref><ref name=pmid18931537>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ahmad | first1 = I. | last2 = Barnetson | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Krishna | first3 = NS. | title = Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: a review. | journal = Urol Int | volume = 81 | issue = 3 | pages = 247-51 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1159/000151398 | PMID = 18931537 }}</ref> | |||
''Urinary bladder with squamous metaplasia'' and ''squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder'' redirect to this article. | |||
==General== | |||
*Rare.<ref name=pmid18931537/> ‡ | |||
*Large age range (13-80 years).<ref name=pmid12429156/> | |||
*Predominantly males - almost 4:1 (27 males:7 females in one series<ref name=pmid12429156/>). | |||
Treatment: | |||
*Follow-up is recommended.<ref name=pmid18931537/><ref>{{cite journal |authors=Benelli A, Varca V, Vaccaro C, Guzzo S, Nicola M, Onorati M, Gregori A, Di Nuovo F |title=Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: Our experience and current approaches |journal=Urologia |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=97–100 |date=May 2020 |pmid=30509153 |doi=10.1177/0391560318810197 |url=}}</ref> | |||
Note: | |||
*‡ Non-keratinizing squamous metaplasia can be considered normal and is relatively common in the trigone region of the bladder in women.{{fact}} | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features: | |||
*Squamous epithelium with hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis. | |||
*Negative for significant [[nuclear atypia]]. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Squamous dysplasia]] of the metaplastic epithelium. | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]]. | |||
*Metastatic [[squamous cell carcinoma]], e.g. [[squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix]]. | |||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]] with squamous metaplasia or squamous differentiation. | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
Urinary Bladder Lesion, Biopsy: | |||
- Extensive keratinizing squamous metaplasia with degenerative changes and acute | |||
and chronic inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
Comment: | |||
Regular follow-up is recommended.[1,2] | |||
1. Urol Int 81 (3): 247-51. doi:10.1159/000151398. PMID 18931537. | |||
2. Urologia 87 (2): 97–100. doi:10.1177/0391560318810197. PMID 30509153. | |||
</pre> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]]. | ||
*[[Squamous metaplasia]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||