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→Glial cells: microglia
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***Often have vesicles. | ***Often have vesicles. | ||
**Rarely seen in normal tissue. | **Rarely seen in normal tissue. | ||
**Three morphologic types: | |||
***Ramified microglia. | |||
***Hypertrophic microglia. | |||
***Dystrophic microglia - often seen in neurodegnerative disease. | |||
*Ependyma. | *Ependyma. | ||
**Simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium. | **Simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium. | ||
**Image: [http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/221-001.jpg Ependyma (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)]. | **Image: [http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/221-001.jpg Ependyma (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)]. | ||
*Choroid plexus. | |||
**Specialized ependymal cells | |||
**Cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. | |||
**Ventricular location. | |||
=====Images===== | =====Images===== | ||
[[File:Blausen 0870 TypesofNeuroglia.png |500px| Types of neuroglia (WC/Blausen)]] | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image:Oligodendrocyte_HE_stain_high_mag.jpg | Oligodendrocytes with fried-egg appearance | File:Astrocytes.jpg | Astrocytes highlighted by GFAP (WC/Jeffery J. Iliff) | ||
Image:Oligodendrocyte_HE_stain_high_mag.jpg | Oligodendrocytes with fried-egg appearance (WC/jensflorian) | |||
Image:Ependyma.png|Ependymal cells. (WC/marvin101) | Image:Ependyma.png|Ependymal cells. (WC/marvin101) | ||
File:Psammoma bodies in the choroid plexus, HE.JPG | Choroid plexus (WC/Patho) | |||
File:Mikroglej 1.jpg | Microglial cells, Lectin stain (WC/Grzegorz Wicher) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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Image:Ganglion_very_high_mag.jpg | Ganglion - very high mag. (WC/Nephron) | Image:Ganglion_very_high_mag.jpg | Ganglion - very high mag. (WC/Nephron) | ||
Image:Peripheral nerve, cross section.jpg | Peripheral nerve - cross section. (WC/Reytan) | Image:Peripheral nerve, cross section.jpg | Peripheral nerve - cross section. (WC/Reytan) | ||
File:Nerve root - very high mag.jpg | Nerve root HPS stain (WC/Nephron) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_high_mag.jpg | Grey-white matter interface - high mag. (WC) | Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_high_mag.jpg | Grey-white matter interface - high mag. (WC) | ||
Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Grey and white matter - intermed. mag. (WC) | Image:Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Grey and white matter - intermed. mag. (WC) | ||
File:LFB_CNS_cortex_supratentorial.jpg | Normal cortex - LFB. (WC/jensflorian) | |||
File:LFB_CNS_cortex_grey-white_matter_junction.jpg | White-grey matter junction - LFB. (WC/jensflorian) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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#*Transitions to the six layers in the ''entorhinal cortex''. | #*Transitions to the six layers in the ''entorhinal cortex''. | ||
#**No vacuolated looking stuff next to it. | #**No vacuolated looking stuff next to it. | ||
Important notes: | Important notes: | ||
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*CA2 - resistant to ischemia. | *CA2 - resistant to ischemia. | ||
*CA4 - involved in [[epilepsy]],<ref name=pmid3518570>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ingvar | first1 = M. | title = Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate during seizures. Relationship to epileptic brain damage. | journal = Ann N Y Acad Sci | volume = 462 | issue = | pages = 194-206 | month = | year = 1986 | doi = | PMID = 3518570 }}</ref> usu. normal in degenerative diseases.<ref>D. Munoz. 27 July 2011.</ref> | *CA4 - involved in [[epilepsy]],<ref name=pmid3518570>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ingvar | first1 = M. | title = Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate during seizures. Relationship to epileptic brain damage. | journal = Ann N Y Acad Sci | volume = 462 | issue = | pages = 194-206 | month = | year = 1986 | doi = | PMID = 3518570 }}</ref> usu. normal in degenerative diseases.<ref>D. Munoz. 27 July 2011.</ref> | ||
====Images==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg | Hippocampus - frontal section. (WC) | |||
Image:Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg | Hippocampus - schematic. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content-nw/full/28/5/958/F1 Hippocampus (ajnr.org)]. | |||
*[http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/schubert-stephan-nicolas-2003-09-26/HTML/schubert_html_21d219b1.png Hippocampus and subiculum (hu-berlin.de)]. | |||
*[http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi/br-800epi1.gif Hippocampus - crappy schematic (ucsd.edu)]. | |||
===Layers of CA<ref name=Ref_PSNP25>{{Ref PSNP|25}}</ref>=== | ===Layers of CA<ref name=Ref_PSNP25>{{Ref PSNP|25}}</ref>=== | ||
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*#**May look like small cell carcinoma to the uninitiated. | *#**May look like small cell carcinoma to the uninitiated. | ||
*#*Golgi cells (interneurons) - few in number, elongated/columnar, 3-5x size of granule cell. | *#*Golgi cells (interneurons) - few in number, elongated/columnar, 3-5x size of granule cell. | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
*''Bergmann glia'' are found between the molecular layer & granular layer. They are normally not seen. They are increased & prominent in pathologic states (e.g. ischemia); "[[Bergmann gliosis]]".<ref name=Ref_PSNP18>{{Ref PSNP|18}}</ref> | *''Bergmann glia'' are found between the molecular layer & granular layer. They are normally not seen. They are increased & prominent in pathologic states (e.g. ischemia); "[[Bergmann gliosis]]".<ref name=Ref_PSNP18>{{Ref PSNP|18}}</ref> | ||
====Images==== | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/sbumcfiles/images/227_001.jpg Cerebellar cortex - micrograph with labels (stonybrookmedicalcenter.org)]. | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Gray706.png | Cerebellar cortex - schematic. (Gray's Anatomy/WC) | |||
Image:Cerebellar_cortex_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Cerebellar cortex - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Cerebellum_-_biel_-_high_mag.jpg | Cerebellar cortex - high mag. [[Bielschowsky stain]]. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Cerebral cortex== | ==Cerebral cortex== | ||
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www: | www: | ||
*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/File:Bouret_LC_anat2.jpg LC - labeled on MRI - (scholarpedia.org)]. | *[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/File:Bouret_LC_anat2.jpg LC - labeled on MRI - (scholarpedia.org)]. | ||
==Medulla oblongata== | ==Medulla oblongata== | ||