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Difference between revisions of "Chondroma"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Enchondroma. [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Synonyms = | |||
| Micro = cytologically benign cells is spaced nests, should ''not'' extend into surrounding soft tissue | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = low-grade [[chondrosarcoma]] | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[cartilage]] - see [[chondro-osseous tumours]] | |||
| Assdx = | |||
| Syndromes = Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome, metachondromatosis | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = benign | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = | |||
| Tx = | |||
}} | |||
'''Chondroma''' is a benign tumour of [[cartilage]]. It is in the [[chondro-osseous tumours]] group of [[soft tissue tumours]]. | |||
==General== | |||
*Benign thingy. | |||
*Usual legs and feet. | |||
*May be difficult to separate from [[chondrosarcoma]]. | |||
*Multiple chondromas = ''enchondromatosis''; three distinct syndromes:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref> | |||
**Ollier disease. | |||
**[[Maffucci syndrome]] - with [[hemangioma]]s, increased risk of [[chondrosarcoma]].<ref name=omim166000>{{OMIM|166000}}</ref> | |||
**Metachondromatosis - autosomal dominant. | |||
*''Enchondroma'' = chondroma in the marrow space. | |||
Clinical:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref> | |||
*Pain. | |||
==Radiology== | |||
Features:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref> | |||
*Lytic lesion. | |||
*Usual close to a growth plate. | |||
Important suspicious findings that favour malignant:<ref name=pmid23041161>{{Cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = BB. | last2 = Jee | first2 = WH. | last3 = Sunwoo | first3 = HJ. | last4 = Cho | first4 = JH. | last5 = Kim | first5 = JY. | last6 = Chun | first6 = KA. | last7 = Hong | first7 = SJ. | last8 = Chung | first8 = HW. | last9 = Sung | first9 = MS. | title = MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma. | journal = Clin Imaging | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 542-7 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.08.006 | PMID = 23041161 }}</ref> | |||
*Cortical destruction. | |||
*Soft tissue component. | |||
Note: | |||
*High-grade chondroid lesions (high-grade chondrosarcoma) can usually be separated radiologically from low-grade ones.<ref name=pmid22696998>{{Cite journal | last1 = Berber | first1 = O. | last2 = Datta | first2 = G. | last3 = Sabharwal | first3 = S. | last4 = Aston | first4 = W. | last5 = Saifuddin | first5 = A. | last6 = Briggs | first6 = T. | title = The safety of direct primary excision of low-grade chondral lesions based on radiological diagnosis alone. | journal = Acta Orthop Belg | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 254-62 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = | PMID = 22696998 }}</ref> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features: | |||
*Cytologically benign cells is spaced nests. | |||
*Should ''not'' extending into surrounding soft tissue. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Low-grade [[chondrosarcoma]] - should be considered, correlation with radiology essential. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Enchondroma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Enchondroma - intermed mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Enchondroma - very high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
TISSUE ("CHONDROMA"), LEFT COSTAL MARGIN, EXCISION: | |||
- CHONDROMA. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Micro=== | |||
The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally. | |||
A small focus of cholesterol clefts with giant cells is present. Benign bone, bone marrow and skeletal muscle are present. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Chondro-osseous tumours]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Chondro-osseous tumours]] | |||