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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Capillary_hemangioma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Capillary hemangioma. [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Micro = channels lined by benign endothelium containing [[RBC]]s | |||
| Subtypes = soft tissue (capillary, cavernous, arteriovenous, venous, intramuscular, synovial), childhood (tufted, microvenular hemangioma, glomeruloid hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma (see [[angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]]), targetoid hemosideric hemangioma, infantile hemangioma) | |||
| LMDDx = [[lymphangioma]], [[angiokeratoma]], [[lobular capillary hemangioma]] (pyogenic granuloma). | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = CD31 +ve, D2-40 -ve, GLUT-1 +ve -- juvenile hemangioma | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[soft tissue]], [[skin]], [[liver hemangioma|liver]] (dealt with in separate article), others | |||
| Assdx = [[Castleman disease]] - for glomeruloid hemangioma | |||
| Syndromes = [[POEMS syndrome]] - for glomeruloid hemangioma, [[Maffucci's syndrome]] | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = common vascular lesion | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = benign | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = | |||
}} | |||
{{ Infobox external links | |||
| Name = Hemangioma | |||
| EHVSC = 10172 | |||
| pathprotocols = | |||
| wikipedia = | |||
| pathoutlines = | |||
}} | |||
'''Hemangioma''' is a very common benign [[vascular tumour]]. | |||
''Hemangiomas of the [[liver]]'' are dealt with in the article ''[[liver hemangioma]]''. | |||
''Anastomosing hemangioma'' is dealt with in the article ''[[anastomosing hemangioma]]''. | |||
==General== | |||
Hemangiomas to remember - if you're only going remember a few: | |||
*''Glomeruloid'', ''infantile'', ''cavernous'', ''capillary'', ''arteriovenous'', ''venous'' and ''intramuscular''. | |||
* ICD-O: 9120/0. | |||
===Childhood=== | |||
Common childhood hemangiomas:<ref name=pmid10410855>{{cite journal |author=Prieto VG, Shea CR |title=Selected cutaneous vascular neoplasms. A review |journal=Dermatol Clin |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=507–20, viii |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10410855 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Tufted - small clusters of blood vessels. | |||
*Microvenular hemangioma. | |||
*Glomeruloid hemangioma - associated with [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Castleman disease]].<ref name=pmid16860182>{{cite journal |author=Uthup S, Balachandran K, Ammal VA, ''et al.'' |title=Renal involvement in multicentric Castleman disease with glomeruloid hemangioma of skin and plasmacytoma |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=e17–24 |year=2006 |month=August |pmid=16860182 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.089 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Ref_WMSP618>{{Ref WMSP|618}}</ref> | |||
*Epithelioid hemangioma - see ''[[angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]]''. | |||
*Targetoid hemosideric hemangioma. | |||
*Infantile hemangioma (AKA juvenile hemangioma<ref name=pmid10665907>{{Cite journal | last1 = North | first1 = PE. | last2 = Waner | first2 = M. | last3 = Mizeracki | first3 = A. | last4 = Mihm | first4 = MC. | title = GLUT1: a newly discovered immunohistochemical marker for juvenile hemangiomas. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 11-22 | month = Jan | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 10665907 }}</ref>) - these tumours are ''GLUT-1'' +ve. They tumours grow and then spontaneously regress.<ref name=pmid15143338>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dadras | first1 = SS. | last2 = North | first2 = PE. | last3 = Bertoncini | first3 = J. | last4 = Mihm | first4 = MC. | last5 = Detmar | first5 = M. | title = Infantile hemangiomas are arrested in an early developmental vascular differentiation state. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 17 | issue = 9 | pages = 1068-79 | month = Sep | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3800153 | PMID = 15143338 }}</ref> | |||
===Soft tissue=== | |||
Several types are seen in soft tissue:<ref>{{Ref WMSP|602}}</ref> | |||
*Capillary. | |||
*Cavernous. | |||
*Arteriovenous. | |||
*Venous. | |||
*Intramuscular. | |||
*Synovial. | |||
====CNS==== | |||
Usually from bone, rarely dural and parenchymal hemangiomas. | |||
*Cavernous. | |||
*Capillary. | |||
====Syndromic associations==== | |||
*[[Maffucci's syndrome]].<ref name=pmid6584817>{{cite journal |authors=Laskaris G, Skouteris C |title=Maffucci's syndrome. Report of a case with oral hemangiomas |journal=Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=263–6 |date=March 1984 |pmid=6584817 |doi=10.1016/0030-4220(84)90181-6 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[POEMS syndrome]]. | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features: | |||
*Channels lined by benign endothelium containing [[RBC]]s. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Lymphangioma]]. | |||
*[[Angiokeratoma]]. | |||
*[[Lobular capillary hemangioma]] (pyogenic granuloma). | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Capillary_hemangioma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Capillary hemangioma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
Image:Capillary_hemangioma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Capillary hemangioma - very high mag. (WC/Nephron) | |||
Image:Cavernous_hemangioma_histopathology_(1).jpg | Cavernous hemangioma. (WC/KGH) | |||
Image:Cavernous_hemangioma_histopathology_%282%29.jpg | Cavernous hemangioma. (WC/KGH) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case277.html Diffuse hemangioma - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
==IHC== | |||
*CD31 +ve. | |||
*D2-40 -ve.<ref name=pmid11950918>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kahn | first1 = HJ. | last2 = Bailey | first2 = D. | last3 = Marks | first3 = A. | title = Monoclonal antibody D2-40, a new marker of lymphatic endothelium, reacts with Kaposi's sarcoma and a subset of angiosarcomas. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 434-40 | month = Apr | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3880543 | PMID = 11950918 | URL = http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n4/full/3880543a.html }}</ref> | |||
''Juvenile hemangioma'':<ref name=pmid10665907/> | |||
*GLUT-1 +ve. | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
Subcutaneous Neck Lesion, Left, Excision: | |||
- Cavernous hemangioma. | |||
- NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Block letters=== | |||
<pre> | |||
SUBCUTANEOUS NECK LESION, LEFT, EXCISION: | |||
- CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
LESION, LEFT SIDE OF FACE, EXCISION: | |||
- CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Micro - skin=== | |||
The sections show hair-bearing skin with abundant small superficial vascular channels containing red blood cells. The endothelial cells of the vascular channels do not have atypia. No mitotic activity is appreciated. The overlying epidermis is unremarkable. Extensive solar elastosis is present. No nevus is identified. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Vascular tumours]]. | |||
*[[Pneumocytoma]] - previously known as ''sclerosing hemangioma''. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Vascular tumours]] | |||