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Difference between revisions of "Clubbing"
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'''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance. | '''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance. | ||
Causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic ''clubbing'': | ==Causes== | ||
The causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic ''clubbing'': | |||
*'''C'''ardiac. | *'''C'''ardiac. | ||
**Subacute infective endocarditis. | **Subacute infective endocarditis. | ||
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**[[Tuberculosis]]. | **[[Tuberculosis]]. | ||
**Bronchiectasis. | **Bronchiectasis. | ||
** | **[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | ||
*[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]]. | *[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]]. | ||
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]] | *[[Primary biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]]. | ||
*'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell). | *'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell). | ||
*'''I'''diopathic | *'''I'''diopathic. | ||
*'''N'''ot [[COPD]]. | *'''N'''ot [[COPD]]. | ||
*'''G'''astrointestinal: | *'''G'''astrointestinal: | ||
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Note: | Note: | ||
*Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> | *Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and [[smoking]] it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*Physical examination. | *[[Physical examination]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||