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'''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding. | [[Image:Dedos con acropaquia.jpg|thumb|right|Clubbing. (WC)]] | ||
'''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance. | |||
==Causes== | |||
* | The causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic ''clubbing'': | ||
*[[Bronchiectasis]] | *'''C'''ardiac. | ||
*[[ | **Subacute infective endocarditis. | ||
* | **Cyanotic heart disease. | ||
* | **[[Atrial myxoma]]. | ||
*[[ | *'''L'''ung: | ||
**Lung abscess. | |||
**[[Empyema]]. | |||
**[[Cystic fibrosis]]. | |||
**[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]. | |||
**[[Tuberculosis]]. | |||
**Bronchiectasis. | |||
**[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | |||
*[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]]. | |||
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]]. | |||
*'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell). | |||
*'''I'''diopathic. | |||
*'''N'''ot [[COPD]]. | |||
*'''G'''astrointestinal: | |||
**Malabsorption (e.g. [[celiac disease]]). | |||
**[[Crohn disease]]. | |||
**[[Liver cirrhosis]]. | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
*Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> | *Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and [[smoking]] it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*Physical examination. | *[[Physical examination]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== |
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