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Difference between revisions of "Pathology for medical students"
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This article is an introduction to '''pathology for | This article is an introduction to '''pathology for medical students'''. | ||
==Compentencies== | ==Compentencies== | ||
===Describing injuries=== | |||
*[[Gross pathologic classification of injuries]]. | |||
===Pre-autopsy=== | ===Pre-autopsy=== | ||
*Filling in a death certificate. | *Filling in a death certificate. | ||
**Difference between ''[[manner of death]]'' | **Difference between ''[[manner of death]]'', ''[[cause of death]]'' and ''[[mechanism of death]]''. | ||
**World Health Organization standard for death certificates. | **World Health Organization standard for death certificates. | ||
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*Identifying medical examiner cases/coroner's cases. | *Identifying medical examiner cases/coroner's cases. | ||
*Getting an [[autopsy consent]]. | *Getting an [[autopsy consent]]. | ||
**Understanding the hierarchy. | **Understanding the hierarchy and knowing it must be followed strictly. | ||
**Knowing the difference between ''executer of the estate'' and ''power of attorney for health care decisions''. | **Knowing the difference between ''executer of the estate'' and ''power of attorney for health care decisions'' (not valid after death). | ||
*Providing important clinical information. | *Providing important clinical information. | ||
**Clinical history - past medical history. | **[[Clinical history]] - past medical history. | ||
**Events leading-up to death. | **Events leading-up to death. | ||
**Provisional/suspected cause of death. | **Provisional/suspected cause of death. | ||
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===Surgical pathology=== | ===Surgical pathology=== | ||
*Ordering laboratory tests. | *Ordering biopsies and laboratory tests. | ||
**Infectious cases - role of culture. | **Infectious cases - role of culture. | ||
*Interpreting [[pathology reports]]. | *Interpreting [[pathology reports]]. | ||
*Importance of providing clinical information. | |||
**Consultant for a specialist should have a ''reason for referral'' - pathology is not different. | |||
===Cancer diagnoses=== | ===Cancer diagnoses=== | ||
Definitions: | |||
*[[Definition of cancer|Cancer]]. | |||
**Pathologic definitions of cancer. | |||
*''[[Tumour]]''. | |||
**Not necessarily cancer. | |||
**Locally aggressive tumours, e.g. [[desmoid tumour]]. | |||
**Benign tumours. | |||
Pitfalls: | Pitfalls: | ||
*''[[Melanoma]]''. | *The ''-oma'' endings -- some are malignant: | ||
*''[[Mesothelioma]]''. | **''[[Melanoma]]''. | ||
**''[[Mesothelioma]]''. | |||
**''[[Sarcoma]]''. | |||
Implication of ''not otherwise specified'': | Implication of ''not otherwise specified'': | ||
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*[[Perineural invasion]]. | *[[Perineural invasion]]. | ||
*[[Margin status]]. | *[[Margin status]]. | ||
*Tumour size - understanding the rationale for [[diagnostic size cutoffs]]. | |||
===Techniques=== | ===Techniques=== | ||
*[[Immunohistochemical stains]]. | *[[Immunohistochemical stains]]. | ||
**[[Cancers of unknown primary]] | **[[Cancers of unknown primary]]. | ||
*Targeted therapies | *Targeted therapies/molecular testing: | ||
**Receptors in breast cancer. | **Receptors in breast cancer (ER, PR, HER2). | ||
**Lung cancer biomarkers ([[Lung_carcinoma_with_EGFR_mutation|EGFR]], [[Lung carcinoma with ALK rearrangement|ALK]], [[PD-L1]], [[ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung carcinoma|ROS1]]). | |||
**BRAF testing in [[malignant melanoma]]. | |||
**[[Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer|MSI testing]] in [[colorectal cancer]]. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||