Difference between revisions of "Pathology for medical students"

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This article is an introduction to '''pathology for family doctors'''.   
This article is an introduction to '''pathology for medical students'''.   


==Compentencies==
==Compentencies==
===Describing injuries===
*[[Gross pathologic classification of injuries]].
===Pre-autopsy===
===Pre-autopsy===
*Filling in a death certificate.
*Filling in a death certificate.
**Difference between ''[[manner of death]]'' and ''cause of death''.
**Difference between ''[[manner of death]]'', ''[[cause of death]]'' and ''[[mechanism of death]]''.
**Difference between ''manner of death'' and ''[[mechanism of death]]''.
**World Health Organization standard for death certificates.
**World Health Organization standard for death certificates.


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*Identifying medical examiner cases/coroner's cases.
*Identifying medical examiner cases/coroner's cases.
*Getting an [[autopsy consent]].
*Getting an [[autopsy consent]].
**Understanding the hierarchy.
**Understanding the hierarchy and knowing it must be followed strictly.  
**Knowing the difference between ''executer of the estate'' and ''power of attorney for health care decisions''.
**Knowing the difference between ''executer of the estate'' and ''power of attorney for health care decisions'' (not valid after death).
*Value of doing an autopsy.
*Providing important clinical information.
*Important clinical information.
**[[Clinical history]] - past medical history.
**Clinical history - past medical history.
**Events leading-up to death.
**Events leading-up to death.
**Provisional/suspected cause of death.
**Provisional/suspected cause of death.
*[[Value of autopsy|Value of doing an autopsy]].
*Interpretation of autopsy reports.
**[[Negative autopsy]].
**Inherited diseases, e.g. [[MEN 2A]], [[ARVC]].


===Surgical pathology===
===Surgical pathology===
*Ordering laboratory tests.
*Ordering biopsies and laboratory tests.
**Infectious cases - role of culture.
**Infectious cases - role of culture.
*Interpreting [[pathology reports]].
*Interpreting [[pathology reports]].
*Importance of providing clinical information.
**Consultant for a specialist should have a ''reason for referral'' - pathology is not different.


===Cancer diagnoses===
===Cancer diagnoses===
Definitions:
*[[Definition of cancer|Cancer]].
**Pathologic definitions of cancer.
*''[[Tumour]]''.
**Not necessarily cancer.
**Locally aggressive tumours, e.g. [[desmoid tumour]].
**Benign tumours.
Pitfalls:
Pitfalls:
*''[[Melanoma]]''.
*The ''-oma'' endings -- some are malignant:
*''[[Mesothelioma]]''.
**''[[Melanoma]]''.
**''[[Mesothelioma]]''.
**''[[Sarcoma]]''.


Implication of ''not otherwise specified'':
Implication of ''not otherwise specified'':
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*[[Perineural invasion]].
*[[Perineural invasion]].
*[[Margin status]].
*[[Margin status]].
*Tumour size - understanding the rationale for [[diagnostic size cutoffs]].


===Techniques===
===Techniques===
*[[Immunohistochemical stains]].
*[[Immunohistochemical stains]].
**[[Cancers of unknown primary]]
**[[Cancers of unknown primary]].
*Targeted therapies.
*Targeted therapies/molecular testing:
**Receptors in breast cancer.
**Receptors in breast cancer (ER, PR, HER2).
**Lung cancer biomarkers ([[Lung_carcinoma_with_EGFR_mutation|EGFR]], [[Lung carcinoma with ALK rearrangement|ALK]], [[PD-L1]], [[ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung carcinoma|ROS1]]).
**BRAF testing in [[malignant melanoma]].
**[[Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer|MSI testing]] in [[colorectal cancer]].


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 13:59, 8 June 2020

This article is an introduction to pathology for medical students.

Compentencies

Describing injuries

Pre-autopsy

Autopsy

  • Identifying medical examiner cases/coroner's cases.
  • Getting an autopsy consent.
    • Understanding the hierarchy and knowing it must be followed strictly.
    • Knowing the difference between executer of the estate and power of attorney for health care decisions (not valid after death).
  • Providing important clinical information.
    • Clinical history - past medical history.
    • Events leading-up to death.
    • Provisional/suspected cause of death.
  • Value of doing an autopsy.
  • Interpretation of autopsy reports.

Surgical pathology

  • Ordering biopsies and laboratory tests.
    • Infectious cases - role of culture.
  • Interpreting pathology reports.
  • Importance of providing clinical information.
    • Consultant for a specialist should have a reason for referral - pathology is not different.

Cancer diagnoses

Definitions:

  • Cancer.
    • Pathologic definitions of cancer.
  • Tumour.
    • Not necessarily cancer.
    • Locally aggressive tumours, e.g. desmoid tumour.
    • Benign tumours.

Pitfalls:

Implication of not otherwise specified:

Prognostic factors:

Techniques

See also

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