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Difference between revisions of "Teratoma"
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fix ectoderm & endoderm - thanks JD
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| Caption = Mature teratoma. [[H&E stain]]. | | Caption = Mature teratoma. [[H&E stain]]. | ||
| Micro = classically all three [[germ layers]]: | | Micro = classically all three [[germ layers]]: ectoderm (skin, (mature) CNS), mesoderm (muscle, bone, connective tissue, blood), endoderm (internal organs) | ||
| Subtypes = [[mature teratoma]], [[immature teratoma]], [[strumal carcinoid]], [[struma ovarii]], [[fetus in fetu]] (subtype of ''mature teratoma'') | | Subtypes = [[mature teratoma]], [[immature teratoma]], [[strumal carcinoid]], [[struma ovarii]], [[fetus in fetu]] (subtype of ''mature teratoma'') | ||
| LMDDx = [[mixed germ cell tumour]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[epidermoid cyst of the testis]] (testis only) | | LMDDx = [[mixed germ cell tumour]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[epidermoid cyst of the testis]] (testis only) | ||
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*CNS teratomas are overrepresented in males.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zygourakis | first1 = CC. | last2 = Davis | first2 = JL. | last3 = Kaur | first3 = G. | last4 = Ames | first4 = CP. | last5 = Gupta | first5 = N. | last6 = Auguste | first6 = KI. | last7 = Parsa | first7 = AT. | title = Management of central nervous system teratoma. | journal = J Clin Neurosci | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 98-104 | month = Jan | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.03.039 | PMID = 25150764 }}</ref> | *CNS teratomas are overrepresented in males.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zygourakis | first1 = CC. | last2 = Davis | first2 = JL. | last3 = Kaur | first3 = G. | last4 = Ames | first4 = CP. | last5 = Gupta | first5 = N. | last6 = Auguste | first6 = KI. | last7 = Parsa | first7 = AT. | title = Management of central nervous system teratoma. | journal = J Clin Neurosci | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 98-104 | month = Jan | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.03.039 | PMID = 25150764 }}</ref> | ||
**Intracranial teratomas are usually located in midline locations such as the pineal region, suprasellar cistern, basal ganglia, and thalamus.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = YH. | last2 = Park | first2 = EK. | last3 = Park | first3 = YS. | last4 = Shim | first4 = KW. | last5 = Choi | first5 = JU. | last6 = Kim | first6 = DS. | title = Treatment and outcomes of primary intracranial teratoma. | journal = Childs Nerv Syst | volume = 25 | issue = 12 | pages = 1581-7 | month = Dec | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1007/s00381-009-0974-8 | PMID = 19693515 }}</ref> | **Intracranial teratomas are usually located in midline locations such as the pineal region, suprasellar cistern, basal ganglia, and thalamus.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = YH. | last2 = Park | first2 = EK. | last3 = Park | first3 = YS. | last4 = Shim | first4 = KW. | last5 = Choi | first5 = JU. | last6 = Kim | first6 = DS. | title = Treatment and outcomes of primary intracranial teratoma. | journal = Childs Nerv Syst | volume = 25 | issue = 12 | pages = 1581-7 | month = Dec | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1007/s00381-009-0974-8 | PMID = 19693515 }}</ref> | ||
===Classification=== | ===Classification=== | ||
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====Images==== | ====Images==== | ||
=====Case 1===== | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image:Teratoma_2_low_mag.jpg | Mature teratoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron) | Image:Teratoma_2_low_mag.jpg | Mature teratoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron) | ||
Image:Teratoma_2_high_mag.jpg | Mature teratoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron) | Image:Teratoma_2_high_mag.jpg | Mature teratoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron) | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
=====Case 2===== | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image: Mature ovarian teratoma with mature neural elements -- low mag.jpg | MT - low mag. (WC) | Image: Mature ovarian teratoma with mature neural elements -- low mag.jpg | MT - low mag. (WC) | ||
Image: Mature ovarian teratoma with mature neural elements -- intermed mag.jpg | MT - intermed. mag. (WC) | Image: Mature ovarian teratoma with mature neural elements -- intermed mag.jpg | MT - intermed. mag. (WC) | ||
Image: Mature ovarian teratoma with mature neural elements -- high mag.jpg | MT - high mag. (WC) | Image: Mature ovarian teratoma with mature neural elements -- high mag.jpg | MT - high mag. (WC) | ||
</gallery> | |||
=====Case 3===== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Choroid plexus in teratoma -- low mag.jpg | Neural tissue in teratoma - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Choroid plexus in teratoma -- intermed mag.jpg | Neural tissue in teratoma - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Choroid plexus in teratoma -- high mag.jpg | Neural tissue in teratoma - high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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===Epidermoid cyst=== | ===Epidermoid cyst=== | ||
Some authors consider [[epidermoid cyst]] as a monodermal teratoma.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Aneiros-Fernandez | first1 = J. | last2 = Arias-Santiago | first2 = S. | last3 = Cancela-Diez | first3 = B. | last4 = O'Valle | first4 = F. | last5 = Cachaza | first5 = JA. | title = Intratesticular epidermoid cyst: a rare tumor. | journal = J Clin Med Res | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = 281-3 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.4021/jocmr474w | PMID = 22043263 }}</ref> | Some authors consider [[epidermoid cyst]] as a monodermal teratoma.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Aneiros-Fernandez | first1 = J. | last2 = Arias-Santiago | first2 = S. | last3 = Cancela-Diez | first3 = B. | last4 = O'Valle | first4 = F. | last5 = Cachaza | first5 = JA. | title = Intratesticular epidermoid cyst: a rare tumor. | journal = J Clin Med Res | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = 281-3 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.4021/jocmr474w | PMID = 22043263 }}</ref> | ||
==Molecular== | |||
[[Testis]] - divided into ''prepubertal'' and ''postpubertal'': | |||
*Postpubertal (testicular) teratoma typically have ''isochromosome 12p i(12p)''.<ref name=pmid16547466>{{Cite journal | last1 = Poulos | first1 = C. | last2 = Cheng | first2 = L. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = S. | last4 = Gersell | first4 = DJ. | last5 = Ulbright | first5 = TM. | title = Analysis of ovarian teratomas for isochromosome 12p: evidence supporting a dual histogenetic pathway for teratomatous elements. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 766-71 | month = Jun | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.3800596 | PMID = 16547466 }}</ref> | |||
**Prepubertal tumours lack this molecular change. | |||
[[Ovary]]: | |||
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]]s of the ovary also typically have i(12p).<ref name=pmid16547466/> | |||
**Pure ''mature teratomas'' and pure ''immature teratomas'' do not have this changes. | |||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||