Difference between revisions of "Endometrium"

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Endometrium (view source)

Revision as of 14:37, 2 March 2017

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→‎Endometrial gland compression artifact
 
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===Endometrial thickness on ultrasound===
===Endometrial thickness on ultrasound===
*A thin endometrium on ultrasound has a very low risk of malignancy.<ref>15283934>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gambacciani | first1 = M. | last2 = Monteleone | first2 = P. | last3 = Ciaponi | first3 = M. | last4 = Sacco | first4 = A. | last5 = Genazzani | first5 = AR. | title = Clinical usefulness of endometrial screening by ultrasound in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. | journal = Maturitas | volume = 48 | issue = 4 | pages = 421-4 | month = Aug | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.006 | PMID = 15283934 }}</ref>
*A thin endometrium on ultrasound has a very low risk of malignancy.<ref name=pmid15283934>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gambacciani | first1 = M. | last2 = Monteleone | first2 = P. | last3 = Ciaponi | first3 = M. | last4 = Sacco | first4 = A. | last5 = Genazzani | first5 = AR. | title = Clinical usefulness of endometrial screening by ultrasound in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. | journal = Maturitas | volume = 48 | issue = 4 | pages = 421-4 | month = Aug | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.006 | PMID = 15283934 }}</ref>


=Normal microscopic findings=
=Normal microscopic findings=
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*Focal [[complex endometrial hyperplasia]].
*Focal [[complex endometrial hyperplasia]].


Image:
===Image===
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1860448/figure/fig4/ Gland compression (bmjjournals.com)].<ref name=pmid16873562/>
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1860448/figure/fig4/ Gland compression (bmjjournals.com)].<ref name=pmid16873562/>


===Micro===
===Micro===
An increased gland density is seen focally, at the edge of one tissue fragment, in association with tearing of the stroma (compression artifact).
An increased gland density is seen focally, at the edge of one tissue fragment, in association with tearing of the stroma (compression artifact).
===See also===
*[[Endometrial gland coiling]].


==Endocervical epithelium versus endometrial epithelium==
==Endocervical epithelium versus endometrial epithelium==
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| hyperchromatic
| hyperchromatic
|-
|-
| Nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio
| [[Nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio]]
| moderate to high (1:2)
| moderate to high (1:2)
| low (often 1:3)
| low (often 1:3)
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COMMENT:
COMMENT:
Re-biopsy is advised.
Re-biopsy is advised.
</pre>
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- BENIGN STRIPPED ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM AND BENIGN INFLAMED ENDOCERVICAL MUCOSA.
- NO DEFINITE ENDOMETRIUM WITH STROMA, INADEQUATE SPECIMEN.
</pre>
</pre>


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DDx:
DDx:
*[[Small cell carcinoma]].
*[[Small cell carcinoma]] - proliferative activity in the moulded (stromal condensation-like) cells.
*[[Anovulatory endometrium]] - less neutrophils.
*[[Anovulatory endometrium]] - less neutrophils.


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===Sign out===
===Sign out===
<pre>
Endometrium, Biopsy:
- Consistent with menstrual endometrium.
-- Weakly proliferative endometrial glands with apoptosis, fragmented.
-- Abundant balls of condensed non-proliferative endometrial stroma and blood.
</pre>
====Block letters====
<pre>
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
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==Anovulatory endometrium==
==Anovulatory endometrium==
===General===
{{Main|Anovulatory endometrium}}
*May be used as a synonym for ''[[disordered proliferative phase]]''.<ref>URL: [http://www.surgpath4u.com/caseviewer.php?case_no=382 http://www.surgpath4u.com/caseviewer.php?case_no=382]. Accessed on: 9 May 2013.</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Shedding:
**Stromal condensation.
**Apoptotic endometrial epithelium.
*Nonproliferative glands.
 
DDx:
*[[Disordered proliferative phase]].
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia]].
*[[Menstrual endometrium]] - should have mitoses,<ref name=Ref_DCHH237>{{Ref DCHH|237}}</ref> abundant [[PMN]]s.
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, CURETTAGE:
- FRAGMENTED NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM WITH EVIDENCE OF SHEDDING, WITHOUT ABUNDANT
  NEUTROPHILS, SEE COMMENT.
- NO EVIDENCE OF HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
 
COMMENT:
The changes are compatible with anovulatory bleeding.
</pre>
 
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, CURETTAGE:
- NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM WITH SMALL ROUND GLANDS AND SHEDDING, SEE COMMENT.
- BENIGN ENDOCERVICAL MUCOSA.
- NEGATIVE FOR HYPERPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
 
COMMENT:
The changes are suggestive of anovulatory bleeding.
</pre>
 
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- BENIGN ENDOCERVICAL POLYP WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND EVIDENCE
  SUGGESTIVE OF EROSIONS (SIDEROPHAGES, INCREASED BLOOD VESSEL DENSITY).
- SMALL NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL GLANDS WITH RARE NEUTROPHILS AND RARE
  APOPTOTIC CELLS, WITH BALLS OF CONDENSED ENDOMETRIAL STROMA, SEE COMMENT.
- NEGATIVE FOR ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA.
 
COMMENT:
The changes are suggestive of anovulatory bleeding.
</pre>
 
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, ASPIRATION:
- PSEUDOSTRATIFIED ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM WITHOUT APPARENT PROLIFERATION, WITH
  APOPTOTIC CELLS AND LIMITED STROMA WITH RARE (STROMAL) CONDENSATION -- COMPATIBLE
  WITH SHEDDING.
- MINUTE FRAGMENTS OF BENIGN ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM.
- NO EVIDENCE OF HYPERPLASIA.
</pre>


==Disordered proliferative endometrium==
==Disordered proliferative endometrium==
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==Endometrium with squamous morules==
==Endometrium with squamous morules==
{{Main|Endometrium with squamous morules}}
{{Main|Endometrium with squamous morules}}
==Endometrium with psammoma bodies==
{{Main|Endometrium with psammoma bodies}}


==Endometrial hyperplasia==
==Endometrial hyperplasia==
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*[[Uterine tumours]].
*[[Uterine tumours]].
*[[Gynecologic pathology]].
*[[Gynecologic pathology]].
*[[Psammoma bodies]].


=References=
=References=
Michael
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