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Difference between revisions of "Heart"
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→Myocarditis: split out
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===Right ventricle=== | ===Right ventricle=== | ||
*Make cut | *Make cut through the apex (transverse/biventicular section). | ||
*Open along lateral edge (from RA cut). | *Open along lateral edge (from RA cut). | ||
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==Standard sections== | ==Standard sections== | ||
Minimalist approach ( | Minimalist approach (Dr. C.): | ||
#LV and PPM (left ventricle and posterior papillary muscle). | #LV and PPM (left ventricle and posterior papillary muscle). | ||
#LV and APM (left ventricle and anterior papillary muscle). | #LV and APM (left ventricle and anterior papillary muscle). | ||
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#RV. | #RV. | ||
Make the lab work hard approach ( | Make the lab work hard approach (Dr. B.): | ||
#PRV (post. RV) with tricuspid valve. | #PRV (post. RV) with tricuspid valve. | ||
#ARV (ant. RV) with pulm. valve. | #ARV (ant. RV) with pulm. valve. | ||
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*[[Myocardial infarction]] (MI). | *[[Myocardial infarction]] (MI). | ||
**Classically occurs at 2-3 days following a MI.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_293>{{Ref PCPBoD8|293}}</ref> | **Classically occurs at 2-3 days following a MI.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_293>{{Ref PCPBoD8|293}}</ref> | ||
Note: | |||
*Roberts suggests that ''pericardial heart disease'' may be a better term for this, as this isn't really an inflammatory process.<ref name=pmid16200146>{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = WC. | title = Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes. | journal = Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 38-55 | month = Jan | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 16200146 }}</ref> | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
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*Fibrin - pink amorphous material. | *Fibrin - pink amorphous material. | ||
Note: | |||
*Inflammation is not a strict requirement for the diagnosis.<ref name=pmid16200146>{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = WC. | title = Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes. | journal = Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 38-55 | month = Jan | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 16200146 }}</ref> | |||
Images: | Images: | ||
*[http://autopsy.stanford.edu/images/FibrinousPericarditis.jpg Fibrinous pericarditis (stanford.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html]. Accessed on: 21 January 2012.</ref> | *[http://autopsy.stanford.edu/images/FibrinousPericarditis.jpg Fibrinous pericarditis (stanford.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html http://autopsy.stanford.edu/fellowships.html]. Accessed on: 21 January 2012.</ref> | ||
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Image:Pericarditis_fibrinosa.jpg | Fibrinous pericarditis. (WC) | Image:Pericarditis_fibrinosa.jpg | Fibrinous pericarditis. (WC) | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
===Sign out=== | |||
<pre> | |||
Pericardium, Excision: | |||
- Fibrinous pericardial heart disease. | |||
</pre> | |||
==Myocardial infarction== | ==Myocardial infarction== | ||
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<math>percent\ stenosis = ( 1 - ( minimal\ diameter ) / ( poststenotic\ diameter ) ) x 100%.</math> | <math>percent\ stenosis = ( 1 - ( minimal\ diameter ) / ( poststenotic\ diameter ) ) x 100%.</math> | ||
With a bit of | With a bit of algebra one can show:<br> | ||
<math>A_x=x^2 A_o</math><br> | <math>A_x=x^2 A_o</math><br> | ||
Where: | Where: | ||
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===Congenital heart disease=== | ===Congenital heart disease=== | ||
{{main|Congenital heart disease}} | {{main|Congenital heart disease}} | ||
Congenital heart disease... a domain of pediatric cardiac surgery and occasionally adult cardiac surgery. | |||
The article covers shunts, both left-to-right and right-to-left. | The article covers shunts, both left-to-right and right-to-left. | ||
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{{main|Sarcoidosis}} | {{main|Sarcoidosis}} | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Can be in | *Can be in isolation or part of systemic sarcoidosis.<ref name=pmid9608713>{{cite journal |author=Veinot JP, Johnston B |title=Cardiac sarcoidosis--an occult cause of sudden death: a case report and literature review |journal=J. Forensic Sci. |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=715–7 |year=1998 |month=May |pmid=9608713 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*May mimic hypertrophic [[cardiomyopathy]] clinically.<ref name=pmid10981852>{{cite journal |author=Matsumori A, Hara M, Nagai S, ''et al.'' |title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis |journal=Jpn. Circ. J. |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=679–83 |year=2000 |month=September |pmid=10981852 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *May mimic hypertrophic [[cardiomyopathy]] clinically.<ref name=pmid10981852>{{cite journal |author=Matsumori A, Hara M, Nagai S, ''et al.'' |title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis |journal=Jpn. Circ. J. |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=679–83 |year=2000 |month=September |pmid=10981852 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Clinical: associated with heart block.<ref name=pmid9608713/> | *Clinical: associated with heart block.<ref name=pmid9608713/> | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
*Myocyte necrosis and | *Myocyte necrosis and [[eosinophil]]s are features of ''granulomatous myocarditis''.<ref name=pmid19660614/> | ||
==Myocarditis== | ==Myocarditis== | ||
{{Main|Myocarditis}} | |||
==Idiopathic granulomatous myocarditis== | ==Idiopathic granulomatous myocarditis== | ||