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'''Bone''' occasionally crosses the desk of the pathologist.  Primary bone tumours are rare; the most common bone tumour is metastases.<ref name=Ref_WMSP632>{{Ref WMSP|632}}</ref> 
[[Image:Osteosarcoma - very high mag.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A chondro-osseous tumour ([[osteosarcoma]]). [[H&E stain]].]]
'''Chondro-osseous tumours''' occasionally cross the desk of the pathologist.  They are grouped together as [[bone]] may develop from [[cartilage]].  


Bone tumours occasionally are lumped with soft tissue tumours.  Soft tissue tumours are dealt with in the ''[[soft tissue lesions]]'' article.
Primary bone tumours are rare; the most common bone tumour is [[metastases]].<ref name=Ref_WMSP632>{{Ref WMSP|632}}</ref> 


=Normal=
Bone tumours occasionally are lumped with soft tissue tumours. Soft tissue tumours are dealt with in the ''[[soft tissue lesions]]'' article. An introduction to bone is found in the ''[[bone]]'' article.  An introduction to cartilage is found in the ''[[cartilage]]'' article.
*Normal bone has osteocytes.
**If the osteocytes are missing... the bone is dead.


*Osteoblasts - make bone.
*Osteoclasts - destroy bone.
Memory device: 'b' before 'c'.
==Diagnosing bone tumours==
*Diagnosis should not be made without radiologic & clinical information.
===Bone marrow===
*Fat content (%) ~= age (in years)<ref>IAV. 26 Feb 2009.</ref>
**e.g. 60 year old will have 60% fatty replacement.
*Should see three cell lines.
**The cell lines:<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199003-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199003-overview]</ref>
***Erythroid (red cells),
***Myeloid (white blood cells),
***Megakaryocytic (platelets).
Note: Lymphocytes are considered separately and typically spared in bone marrow failure.<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199003-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199003-overview]</ref>
Identifying the lines:<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png]</ref>
#Megakaryocytes:
#*Big cells ~ 3x the size of a RBC.
#Normoblasts (RBC precursors):
#*Hyperchromatic, i.e. blue, nucleus.
#Myeloid line:
#*Granules.
#*Reniform nucleus, i.e. kidney bean shaped nucleus.
Images:
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bone_marrow_WBC.JPG Myeloid line (WC)].
====Organization====
*Mature hematopoeitic cells at the centre (distant from bone).
*Immature hematopoeitic cells adjacent to the bone.
=Infectious=
==Osteomyelitis==
General
*Hematogenous - often in children.
*Direct entry (skin defect) - adults with diabetes.
===Microscopic===
*PMNs.
==Chronic osteomyelitis==
*Plasma cells.
**May be sterile, i.e. no organisms.
=Bone tumours=
==General==
==General==
*Diagnosis of a primary bone tumour should not be made without radiologic & clinical information!
*Metastasis:primary bone tumours = >20:1.<ref name=Ref_WMSP632>{{Ref WMSP|632}}</ref>
*Metastasis:primary bone tumours = >20:1.<ref name=Ref_WMSP632>{{Ref WMSP|632}}</ref>


===Common malignant===
===Common malignant===
*Osteosarcoma.
*[[Osteosarcoma]].
*Chondrosarcoma.
*[[Chondrosarcoma]].
*Ewing's sarcoma.
*[[Ewing's sarcoma]].
*Multiple myeloma.
*[[Multiple myeloma]].
*Metastases.
*[[Metastases]].
**Most common tumours metastatic to bone (mnemonic: ''BLT with Ketchup & Pickles''):  
**Most common tumours metastatic to bone (mnemonic: ''BLT with Ketchup & Pickles''):  
***Breast.  
***[[Breast]].  
***Liver.  
***[[Liver tumours|Liver]].  
***Thyroid.
***[[Thyroid gland|Thyroid gland]].
***Kidney.  
***[[Kidney tumours|Kidney]].  
***Prostate.  
***[[Prostate gland]].  


Epidemiology:<ref>TN05 OR42.</ref>
Epidemiology:<ref name=Ref_TN2005_OR42>{{Ref TN2005 |OR42}}</ref>
*Osteosarcoma -> 2nd decade.  
*Osteosarcoma -> 2nd decade.  
*Ewing's ->5-20 yrs.
*Ewing's ->5-20 yrs.
*Chondrosarcoma -> from enchondroma or osteochrondroma -- patients over 40 yrs.
*Chondrosarcoma -> from enchondroma or osteochrondroma -- patients over 40 yrs.
*Multiple myeloma -> most common primary bone tumour in adults.
*[[Multiple myeloma]] -> most common primary bone tumour in adults.


===Malignant bone tumours by age===
===Malignant bone tumours by age===
Most common by age:<ref>TN05 OR42.</ref>
Most common by age:<ref name=Ref_TN2005_OR42>{{Ref TN2005 |OR42}}</ref>
*<1 year old - neuroblastoma.
*<1 year old - [[neuroblastoma]].
*1-10 years old - Ewing's of tubular bones.
*1-10 years old - [[Ewing sarcoma|Ewing's]] of tubular bones.
*10-30 years old - osteosarcoma, Ewing's of flat bones.  
*10-30 years old - osteosarcoma, Ewing's of flat bones.  
*30-40 years old - reticulum cell sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, parosteal osteosarcoma, malignant giant cell tumour, lymphoma.
*30-40 years old - [[reticulum cell sarcoma]], [[fibrosarcoma]], parosteal osteosarcoma, [[malignant giant cell tumour]], [[lymphoma]].
*>40 years old - mets, multiple myeloma, chondrosarcoma.
*>40 years old - mets, [[multiple myeloma]], [[chondrosarcoma]].


===Benign aggressive bone tumours===
===Benign aggressive bone tumours===
*Giant cell tumours.
*[[Giant cell tumour of bone]].
*Osteoblastoma.
*[[Osteoblastoma]].
**Thought to be related to osteoid osteoma.
**Thought to be related to [[osteoid osteoma]].
**If in long bones often diaphyseal.
**If in long bones often diaphyseal.
Ref.:<ref>TN05 OR41.</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.emedicine.com/RADIO/topic494.htm http://www.emedicine.com/RADIO/topic494.htm].</ref>


==Giant cell tumour==
Ref.:<ref name=Ref_TN2005_OR41>{{Ref TN2005 |OR41}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.emedicine.com/RADIO/topic494.htm http://www.emedicine.com/RADIO/topic494.htm].</ref>
===General===
Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP648>{{Ref WMSP|648}}</ref>
===Summary tables===
*Approximately 5% of primary bone tumours.
====Bone tumours====
*Typical age: 20-45 years.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Entity
! Key feature
! Other features
! Radiology / gross
! Clinical
! Stains / other
! Image
|-
| [[Osteoma]]
| normal bone (???)
| other features (???)
| radiology / gross (???)
| ?
| no stains / may be assoc. with [[FAP]]
| [[Image:Osteoma -- intermed mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| Osteoma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Osteoid osteoma]]
| osteoblastic rimming
| anastomosing bony trabeculae
| must be <2 cm,<ref name=pmid25224389>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Yalcinkaya | first1 = U. | last2 = Doganavsargil | first2 = B. | last3 = Sezak | first3 = M. | last4 = Kececi | first4 = B. | last5 = Argin | first5 = M. | last6 = Basdemir | first6 = G. | last7 = Oztop | first7 = F. | title = Clinical and morphological characteristics of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: a retrospective single-center analysis of 204 patients. | journal = Ann Diagn Pathol | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | pages = 319-25 | month = Dec | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.08.006 | PMID = 25224389 }}</ref> metaphysis
| painful, NSAIDs remove pain, young
| IHC / other
| [[Image:Osteoid_osteoma_-_high_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| Osteoid osteoma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Osteoblastoma]]
| osteoblastic rimming
| anastomosing bony trabeculae
| must be >1 cm,<ref name=pmid25224389/> often >=2 cm, metaphysis
| not painful
| IHC / other
| [[Image:Osteoblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Osteoblastoma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Ewing sarcoma]]
| [[small round blue cell tumour]]
| cytoplasmic clearing (due to glycogen)
| usu. diaphysis
| pediatric, typically 1-10 years
| PAS+, PASD-, [[chromosomal translocations]] (usually t(11;22)(q24;q12)) 
| [[Image:Ewing_sarcoma_-_PAS_-_high_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| Ewing sarcoma. [[PAS stain]]. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Osteosarcoma]]
| osteoid
| +/-hemorrhage, +/-cartilage
| distal femur, prox. tibia, prox. humerous
| typically 10-30 years, pain, swelling
| no stains; many subtypes
| [[Image:Osteosarcoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px|Osteosarcoma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Giant cell tumour of bone]]
| abundant giant cells
| nuclei of surrounding cells similar to those in giant cells
| growth plate of long bones
| 20-45 years old, +/-joint pain, +/-immobility
| IHC / other
| [[Image:Giant_cell_tumour_of_bone_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Giant cell tumour. (WC)]]
|-
|}
 
====Cartilage tumours====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Entity
! Key feature
! Other features
! Radiology / gross
! Clinical
! Stains / other
! Image
|-
| [[Chondroma]]
| ctyologically benign cells
| equally spaced nests
| usu. diaphysis
| benign / DDx: chondroma, well-diff. chondrosarcoma
| IHC / bone marrow cavity chondroma = ''enchondroma''
| [[Image:Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| Enchondroma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Chondroblastoma]]
| abundant extracellular material, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm
| calcifications surround cells nests ("chickenwire" appearance) - '''classic'''
| epiphysis
| DDx: [[giant cell tumour of bone]]
| S100+ve, vimentin +ve
| [[Image:Chondroblastoma_-_very_high_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| Chondroblastoma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Chondrosarcoma]]
| cartilaginous appearance +/- nuclear atypia
| lack osteoid, if present -> osteosarcoma
| usu. diaphysis, classically hip; almost never distal extremity
| >40 years old
| IHC / may be histologically benign looking
| [[Image:Chondrosarcoma_%282%29.jpg |thumb|center|150px|Chondrosarcoma. (WC)]]
|-
|}


===Clinical===
====Other====
*May present with joint pain, immobility.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Entity
! Key feature
! Other features
! Radiology / gross
! Clinical
! Stains / other
! Image
|-
| [[Osteochondroma]]
| benign bone and cartilage
| Other features
| metaphyseal lesions
| Clinical
| IHC / other
| Image
|-
| [[Adamantinoma]]
| bisphasic - stroma & epithelium
| Other features
| tibia, fibula, intracortical, radiolucent
| Clinical
| IHC / other
| [[Image:Adamantinoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px|Adamantinoma. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Diffuse tenosynovial giant-cell tumour]] ([[AKA]] [[PVNS]])
| pigmented giant cells
| nodules
| Radiology / gross
| Clinical
| IHC / other
| [[Image:Pigmented_villonodular_synovitis_low_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| PVNS. (WC)]]
|-
| [[Brown tumour]]
| fibrosis, +/-giant cells
| unaffected bone incr. osteoblasts and osteoclasts
| Radiology / gross
| due to hypercalcemia; not a neoplasm
| IHC / other
| [[Image:Brown_tumour_-_low_mag.jpg |thumb|center|150px| Brown tumour. (WC)]]
|-
|}


===Microscopic===
====Radiology====
Features:<ref name=Ref_Klatt420>{{Ref Klatt|420}}</ref>
=====Radiologic features=====
*Giant cells.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
*Mononuclear cells, with nuclei similar to those in giant cells - '''key feature'''
! Features
! Benign
! Malignant
|-
| Bone changes
| sclerotic rim
| tumour perforation
|-
| Circumscription
| pushing margins
| ill-defined/moth-eaten
|-
| Soft tissue involvement
| no
| common
|-
| Periosteal reaction
| no
| "hair-on-end" or "sunburst",<br> "onion skin", Codman's triangle
|}


==Chondrosarcoma==
=====Location=====
===Micro===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
Features:<ref>IAV. 26 February 2009.</ref>
! Diagnosis
*Abnormal cartilage.
! [[Epiphysis]]
*Nuclear atypia.
! [[Metaphysis]]
**Nuclear clearing.
! [[Diaphysis]]
**Nucleoli.
! Type of lesion
|-
| [[Aneurysmal bone cyst]]
| common
| most common
| rare
| [[bone]]
|-
| [[Chondroblastoma]]
| most common
| rare
| extremely rare
| [[cartilage]]
|-
| [[Chondrosarcoma]]
| uncommon
| common
| most common
| [[cartilage]]
|-
| [[Chondromyxoid fibroma]]
| rare
| most common
| common
| other
|-
| [[Enchondroma]]
| rare
| common
| common
| [[cartilage]]
|-
| [[Ewing sarcoma]]
| rare
| common
| most common
| [[bone]]
|-
| [[Giant cell tumour of bone|Giant cell tumour]]
| most common
| rare
| extremely rare
| [[bone]]
|-
| Metastatic carcinoma
| rare
| common
| most common
| other
|-
| Non-ossifying fibroma
| extremely rare
| most common
| common
| other
|-
| [[Osteoblastoma]]
| rare
| most common
| uncommon
| [[bone]]
|-
| [[Osteochondroma]]
| extremely rare{{fact}} <!-- PMID 12873205 questions this -->
| most common
| common
| [[bone]]/[[cartilage]]
|-
| [[Osteoid osteoma]]
| uncommon
| common
| common<ref name=wheelessonline>URL: [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/osteoid_osteoma http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/osteoid_osteoma]. Accessed on: 7 May 2012</ref>
| [[bone]]
|-
| [[Osteosarcoma]]
| rare
| most common
| uncommon
| [[bone]]
|}


==Ewing sarcoma==
How to remember the primary bone lesions:
===General===
#''Ewing sarcoma'' is the only malignant primary bone tumour of the diaphysis.
*AKA EWS/PNET:
#''Giant cell tumour of bone'' is the only primary bone lesion of the epiphysis.
**EWS = Ewing sarcoma.
#The rest of the primary bone lesions are metaphyseal.
**PNET = Primative neuroectodermal tumour.
#*''Osteochondroma'' is bone first and cartilage second. It behaves like most primary bone lesions; it is usually metaphyseal.
*EWS and PNET were once thought to be different tumours.


Clinical
How to remember the primary cartilaginous lesions:
*Painful.
#''Chondroblastoma'' is epiphyseal.  The chicken wire goes around the chicken coop.
*Usually younger than 20 years.
#The others are diaphyseal.


===Radiology===
=Cartilage=
Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP650>{{Ref WMSP|650}}</ref>
==Chondroma==
*Long bones, diaphyses.
{{Main|Chondroma}}
*Destructive.
*"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction.


===Microscopic===
==Chondroblastoma==
Classification:
{{Main|Chondroblastoma}}
*Small blue cell tumour.


Features:<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref>
==Chondromyxoid fibroma==
*Scant clear cytoplasm (contain glycogen - PAS +ve, PAS-D -ve).
{{Main|Chondromyxoid fibroma}}
*Lack nucleoli.
*Round small nucleus.


===[[IHC]]===
==Chondrosarcoma==
Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP651>{{Ref WMSP|651}}</ref>
{{Main|Chondrosarcoma}}
*CD99 +ve (plasma membrane staining).
*CD45 -ve.
**Done to r/o lymphoma.
*+/-Neural markers (NSE, synaptophysin, CD57 (??? CD56 ???), S100).
*+/-Cytokeratins.
*Caveolin-1<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref>
**New kid on the block.


Notes:<ref>PST. 22 February 2010.</ref>
=Bone=
*CD99 +ve (plasma membrane) tumours:
==Osteoma==
**Lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia.
{{Main|Osteoma}}
**Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.
**Desmoplastic small round cell tumour.


===Molecular diagnostics===
==Osteoid osteoma==
Common features:
{{Main|Osteoid osteoma}}
*''EWS/FLI-1 fusion gene'' formation due to translocation: ''t(11;22)(q24;q12)''.<ref>URL: [http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/Ewing5010.html http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/Ewing5010.html]. Accessed on: 23 February 2010.</ref><ref name=pmid3163261>PMID: 3163261</ref>
**Often detected by RT-PCR (with EWS 5' and FLI-1 3' primers).


Notes:
==Osteoblastoma==
*The ''t(11;22)(q24;q12)'' is seen in ~90% of EWS/PNET... but also in:
{{Main|Osteoblastoma}}
**Olfactory neuroblastoma.
 
**Small cell osteogenic sarcoma.
==Ewing sarcoma==
**Polyphenotypic tumours.
{{Main|Ewing sarcoma}}
**Rhbdomyosarcoma.
**Neuroblastoma (possibly).
*Several other translocations exist.


==Osteosarcoma==
==Osteosarcoma==
===General===
{{Main|Osteosarcoma}}
*Terry Fox was afflicited by this tumour.
 
==Giant cell tumour of bone==
{{Main|Giant cell tumour of bone}}


===Definition===
=Other=
*Tumour that makes osteoid.
This section collects stuff that doesn't neatly fit into the ''bone'' or ''cartilage'' category.
**Osteoid = (extracellular) organic component of bone, normally produced by osteoblasts (cells which make bone matrix).


===Histology===
==Notochordal tumors==
*Spindle cells with malignant features (e.g. nuclear membrane irregularies, marked nuclear size differences, mitoses) surrounded by delicate strands of osteoid.
Notochordal tumors arise from notochordal remnants and thus are seen in the clivus or sacrum.
**Osteoid on H&E: pink, homogenous, "glassy".
{{Main|Chordoma}}
**Tumours typically very cellular - when compared to normal bone.
*Large (multinucleated) osteoclast-like giant cells may be seen.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Papalas JA, Balmer NN, Wallace C, Sangueeza OP |title=Ossifying dermatofibroma with osteoclast-like giant cells: report of a case and literature review |journal=Am J Dermatopathol |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=379-83 |year=2009 |month=June |pmid=19461244 |doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181966747 |url=}}</ref>


=Other=
==Osteochondroma==
==Pigmented villonodular synovitis==
{{Main|Osteochondroma}}
*Commonly abbreviated: ''PVNS''.
*Course: benign.


===Microscopic===
==Diffuse tenosynovial giant-cell tumour==  
Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/pigmented_villonodular_synovitis http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/pigmented_villonodular_synovitis].</ref>
*[[AKA]] ''tenosynovial giant-cell tumour, diffuse type''.
*Subsynovial nodules composed of cells with:
*Previously known as ''pigmented villonodular synovitis'' (PVNS).<ref>{{Ref PBoD8|1247}}</ref>  
**Abundant cytoplasm.
{{Main|Diffuse tenosynovial giant-cell tumour}}
**Pale nuclei.
*Multinucleated giant cells.
*Hemosiderin-laden macrophages.
*Foam cells.


Images:
==Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath==
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pigmented_villonodular_synovitis_low_mag.jpg PVNS - low mag. (WC)].
*Abbreviated ''GCT of tendon sheath''.
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pigmented_villonodular_synovitis_high_mag.jpg PVNS - high mag. (WC)].
{{Main|Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath}}


==Adamantinoma==
==Adamantinoma==
{{Main|Adamantinoma}}
==Brown tumour==
===General===
===General===
Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP650>{{Ref WMSP|650}}</ref>
*''Not'' a true neoplasm.<ref name=pmid16775919>{{cite journal |author=Meydan N, Barutca S, Guney E, ''et al.'' |title=Brown tumors mimicking bone metastases |journal=J Natl Med Assoc |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=950–3 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16775919 |pmc=2569361 |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569361/?page=1 }}</ref>  
*Rare: < 1% of bone tumours.
**If ''tumour'' is understood as a synonym for ''neoplasm'', the name is a misnomer.
*25-35 years old.
**May (clinically) mimic a true neoplasm.
*Tibia, fibula.
*Due to hyperparathyroidism - usually [[parathyroid adenoma]].
*Benign, may be locally aggressive.
**Usually secondary to chronic renal failure.
*Cousin of [[ameloblastoma]].<ref>NEED REF.</ref>


===Radiology===
====Hypercalcemia DDx====
*Intracortical, radiolucent.
Mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref>{{Ref TN2006 |Emerg.}}</ref>
*Granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, [[sarcoidosis]]).
*Renal disease.
*Immobility.
*Malignancy (esp. [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[plasmacytoma]]).
*Endocrine ([[parathyroid gland|primary hyperparathyroidism]] - leads to [[brown tumour]]).
*Drugs (thiazides ... others).


===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
Features:
Features:
*Fibrous tumour.
*Fibrosis.
*+/-Giant cells with round to oval nuclei and nucleoli.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case139/micro.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case139/micro.html]. Accessed on: 6 January 2012.</ref>
*Bone unaffected by tumour - increased numbers of the following:
**Multinucleated cells (osteoclasts).
**Mononuclear cells around the bony trabeculae (osteoblasts).


==Brown cell tumour==
DDx:
===Etiology===
*[[Giant cell tumour of bone]] and other [[giant cell lesions]].
*Due to hyperparathyroidism - usually parathyroid adenoma.


===Microscopy===
====Images====
Features:
<gallery>
*Fibrosis.
Image:Brown_tumour_-_low_mag.jpg | Brown tumour - low mag. (WC)
 
Image:Brown_tumour_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Brown tumour - intermed. mag. (WC)
===Hypercalcemia DDx===
Image:Brown_tumour_-_high_mag.jpg | Brown tumour - high mag. (WC)
Mnemonic ''GRIMED'':<ref>TN06 Emerg</ref>
</gallery>
*Granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis).
www:
*Renal disease.
*[http://wwwold.path.utah.edu/classes/webpath/bonehtml/bone053.htm Brown tumour (utah.edu)].
*Immobility.
*[http://www.mda-sy.com/pathology/BONEHTML/BONE054.HTM Brown tumour (mda-sy.com)].
*Malignancy (esp. squamous cell carcinoma, [[plasmacytoma]]).
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case139/micro.html Brown tumour - several images (upmc.edu)].
*Endocrine (primary hyperparathyroidism - leads to brown cell tumour).
*Drugs (thiazides ... others).


=See also=
=See also=
Line 244: Line 408:
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


=External links=
*[http://www.medpath.info/MainContent/Skeletal/Bone_07.html Bone lesions (medpath.info)].
*[http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/494e15cbf0d8d Bone radiology (radiologyassistant.nl)].
[[Category:Chondro-osseous tumours]]
[[Category:Weird stuff]]
[[Category:Weird stuff]]
Michael
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